             ˿µϣ2026519գ

26.01.03-08ûи
26.01.09, ӡʲôܹƤ
26.01.09, ӡΪʲôԴë
26.01.09, ӡѧʦϲöӡ
26.01.09, ƵӽҼ٣ǰ˹Ĵҽӻ
26.01.09, ƵӽҼ٣ϲϲϴǼٻ
26.01.09, ƵӽҼ٣ϾԺԺ
26.01.09, ƵƵعѻԱƵ
26.01.09, ηίıǡϣ硱ƶȻӶ᣺褡ϣ硱µķ
26.01.09, ࡶʳָϻӰ˭
26.01.09, ٱҵѧսѧΪ
26.01.09, ƽʱһҫ˵
26.01.09, յȨԸܡԼĵ¡
26.01.09, M. GESSENӹܡίվʤ

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

                   ʲôܹƤ

                     ӡ

ǰ¶ƭ˵ıƷųƳԹǽԭ׾ܹ
ڡ˵ˣнԭױƷֻǹǽԭױƷȫƭ˵ġ
гиָĽԭױƷҪΪ˱ؽڣǺųܹ
ƤաеõģǽԭΪһֵʣͿƤ
ûĽԭ׵һֵġеǿڷģڷĽԭ
׻ᱻɰٱգҲȥĽԭס

ôûʲôǳܹƤأеġҺ˵˵
һ˵ƤĽṹôģ⡣

ƤȥܱʵԷֳ㡣һбƤƤ
Ľнʲ㣬Ѿʻϸʲʵһˮ㣬
ˮܹ͸Ƥ壬ˮپҲղˮҲе
ʡΪʲôˮͨƤ壿Ϊˮֺиָ
΢жʣƤ൱һϣֹȾҲֹжʽ
塣Ƥﻹкɫϸܹɫأ𵽵ǷֹɹƤ

ƤƤܸӣɽԭ׺͵Եɵһ磬
ƤеԺƤ֬٣ܹ֬Ƥк٣ܹ
ɢëëĩңƤŶĴ̼иоܰ
ܣܹϸ͵ƤȥɱֵĲԭ壻ѪܣѪҺҲܹ
ϸӪԼлķߡ

Ƥ滹һƤƤҲƤ֯ҪƤ֬
ܹ塢ůԼиϸƤˣҪ
ϸó

ƤɱĻϻûô⻬ûˣֲڡ
ɳڡˣɫߡˣ˿ھͲôˡ

ʲôԭƤϻأɵġһ
ȻأҲ˵һ˥ϵḶ́޷ġ
ϳɵԵ׺ͽԭ׵½Ƥ𽥵ʧȥ˵Ժ
ڵȻϻĹ˶죬Ŵйϵеϻٶȿ죬
еϻٶ

һϻڵģصµĶƤɵˣƤ
ϻҪߡҪ߶Ƥ
ˣҪûҪͿɹ˪ΪԤƤ
ԤƤϻڶ̡̲вʶ
ƤˡҪ̣ҲҪ̡

ǻѧƤˡѧԴҪ֣һ
ȾױƷݲƷеĳɷֻƤԵˡ
ΪЩƷգЧʵ䷴ģһԴճ
ʹõĸָϴ롢ϴ·ɨʱҪעף
Ļѧ̼ƤڵػһԴǿȾ
ȾҲܹƤˡ

ܲͨʲôﵽƤĿģܡҪֵ֤Ӫ
ƤĽӪϢϢصġȱӪôƤͲˣ
ˡƤˡиƤĽйϵģȽҪӪҪά
EάCرҪάCάCǺϳɽԭӪ
ءȱάCϳɲ˽ԭףƤѡѪ
ľͳ˻Ѫ

άCһãǿڴлл
ĳЩ̼˵ܵߵĴ̼Ҳͻ
ãܹϸ˺ϻάCΪһֿܹƤϸ
Ļ

άCƤĹؼãͱʶˡгϵЩ
ųݵĲƷάC˵ҪƤάC
ƤάCһˮԵάأҸղ˵ˣ
ʲʵһˮ㣬ˮǽƤģάCͿ
ƤġݲƷͷӵάCƻƤͨ͸ԣû
õġΪάC跨ƻƤͨ͸ԣʧȥ
ãΣյġ

ҪƤϸάCͨڷάCʳҪˮ
߲άCΪˮԵģˮʧȣ
֮ͻܵƻԾ߲֮άCʧܶࡣ
û߲˵ϰߣҪάCԴˮˡȷһЩٴ
֤ԸάCˮԱƤкôġ

ĿԱһƪģǱĽÿ
άCĽɫ⨺ҡɫ⨺άCԼ
250ˣԶԶÿάCƼ90ˡĽ
ֳָάCˮѪҺάCĺˣƤ
άCĺҲˣӵø࣬ƤάCиá
ĽҲֳԸάCˮˣƤˣƤϸܶҲ
ˣҲ˵Ƥøˡ

ôȻͨڷάCܹ𵽱Ƥãܲͨڷά
CƼͬãǸ򵥡Ҳ飬ÿڷٺ˵
άCƼѪҺĺƤάCĺˣǺܲ
ǣûжڱƤܹáҲ˵ؿڷά
CƼܶƤûʲôáʳԴάC
ʲôܹЭͬãάCƤϸպá

ԸĿǰоԸάCˮܹ𵽱Ƥá
Ҫע⡣ȣеˮάCάC
ˮ⨺ңرǽɫ⨺ңάCĺҪɫ⨺Ҫߡ
ɫ⨺άCĺҲǷǳߵġиָٳˮ
ܡݮ֣άCеˮάCĺǳˣû
Уƻ桢ҡӣҡ

ΣάCΪˮԵάأû棬һγԺ
฻άCˮȻȥάCԹˣǻ
ųȥġԻÿ춼Ҫ֤ܹ㹻άCҲ˵Ҫ
ԸάCˮ

2025.12.8.¼

2025.12.26.

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

                    ΪʲôԴë

                       ӡ

Ʒһ΢ڳЦҳóҪǳЦͷ١
ʮǰҽ¶ƷǴʵʱ򣬺һʼлӦһҲ
ǳЦͷ١˵һӦҵɣ˵
˺״ܣûʲô˲ġҲ֪ǲҲƸҪ
Цͷ١

սЦ˵ĳûκɱֻԵԼûƷû
йһᣬûôԻкܶϲЦ
ĳࡣҪ˵ͷˣЩвģвмĸǻܵ
ǵĳЦ

йҽӰ죬ͷ״رأΪͷŨ
ھͱܽͷסˣ˵в
顱ѽҪơ

ҽĺ˵˵ͷʱȷӪ״̬йϵ
˵ͷ95%ϸӪ״̬ûκιϵһŴ
״󣬽ѷ

һŴ״ΪȫɻġѾʮ
ֻѷйأмXȾɫϣҲǴĸŴ
ģ󲿷ڳȾɫϣһǴĸŴģһǴӸ
Ŵģܸ׵ӰܸһЩЩıϻٶ
У˻ٲ̶ͬȶܵЩѷйصĻӰ졣

Լķ֮һ21֮ǰͻע⵽Լͷڱ٣35ʱ
ԼһͷԱϡ٣50ʱ֮ͷͷ
رϡ١ԽԽԡմԼ30%50%˶
ԵѷҲͷͷǳϡٻˡ

ǻģôձ飬˻ǲǽģǲ
ѷƣԵøţ졢
ǻۡо顣Զоּ֧˵ɡǵĽף
ǵͬҲѷഺһͳѷѷԵԺ
ɡȺλߡɵǰͻԵѷء

ѷֻ˲ŻеģԺ뵽ǲǸԼйϵ
ȷ˴Сͱ˸ˣôһӶѷ
ȷԼйءԼм֣غͪѷغ
ͪûйϵǸغͪһԼضغͪйء

һø5ԭøܽغͪԭ⣬
˶غͪغͪԼﺬܵͣǻԺǿغͪǿˣ
ʮʮ׸Լϡͷëܹ
غͪϵԼ塣ܻӰ죬һЩ˵ë
ԶغͪУغ֮ͪᵼëή
ͷϸ̣𽥾͵ˡǰܹͬغͪϵ
壬һЩҲǶԶغͪرУ֮󣬻ᵼǰ

ѷǲǰصĻᵼѣҪΡǰ
ǳձ飬ҩ˾жȥоҩоһҩ
з۰ܹ5ԭøϣ֮Ļסˣ
ûغͪɶغͪڣغͪˣǰҲͱ
סˡ

÷۰ǰʱⷢһãѷҲ
סˡٴĽ֤ѷԼ86%ЧԷ
FDA׼ѷ۰ѷĸ
⡣һҩһͣҩֿʼͷˡڶ
ΪҩвӦһӦǺܶԽܵġΪ
һֻԷǳǿԼصĲᵼٲַҩ߳½
Թϰҳ֮ʹͣҩԣһָܹ

ƵĻһֱҲǰҩ۰Ҳܹ
ֹѷһЧΪƶغͪĲȷ۰Ҫǿ
ڷ۰ͷƤĶغͪĺ75%ڷ۰ͷƤ
Ķغͪĺ90%Զ۰Ҫļ٣ǸҲ
ǿпܽԹϰ鷿ŮԻ

ҩиõģҩвУܲͨͿķʽԤ
ѷأͿŵضܹáŵضԤѷҲżȻ
ֵġһƸѪѹҩƹзֳŵض
ĲˣڲóëĵطҲëԾ뵽ǲѷĵطͿ
Ĩܹ̼ͷٴĽֵȷһһЩЧ
FDA׼УΪһԤѷҩ

ŵضΪʲôܹأƶغͪĲûйϵ
ΪܹٽѪţ͵ëӪˣܹ̼
ëΪûйϵҲ͵Чûôã
ֻһ˻ЧЧڷܹƶغͪҩ
ôԡҲʹãҲиãһ˿ܻ
ͷƤס

ȻĿǰѾܹԤѷҩֲ㣬
ϣܹзµҩĿǰЩҩﶼзУûһѾ
֤ʵ˵ȷЧгкܶųܹԤѷҩر
ҩųûиáڷҩЧĻҸҿ϶͵͵˷
߶۰ͿҩһЩЧĻ϶͵͵ŵض
ųܹԤѷͿҩ¹101ڹͱ͵͵
ŵض

رҪעǣЩųѷҩⶼ˺ڣ
ΪҽųƺܹƸָͷҩʵڶͷ
ûκκôص˺Ϊкصĸζ
ԡܶ˾Ϊ˱ͷȥԺڣѸγԻˣ˸˥ߡ
ҩԴԸйܳҪԭǳҩ

ѷһȻ˥Ϲ̣ǲ岻
κ˺Ҫͨ߳ʲôʳƷƷԤǲܵģ
ΪҳԶԳѷȻ岻κ˺
ȷȥ˺Աѹر
ЩϲЦûͷͷٵˣΪǱΪǺܲõ飬
ôһԼҲʼѷˣ񽡿׳⡣

2025.12.10.¼

2025.12.28.

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

              ѧʦϲöӡ

                      ӡ

Գǹѧʦķϲַһݡǰ
ЩһͨŵͼĴⶼ⡣
ڷȥǱ˴дڷ¡
Ƿ˵ױʣΪ˱ȷԼдģ
ɹָ塣ȻԼдͲӦüӡڡֱ֣˵
ߡͿˣˡڡ֣Ǳд


ĵһ仰Ůʿϲöӡһ˳Ʋһ
£ˡҡϾһƫԵġᡱ֣ȥܱŤһ
ûɶĻˣҪ԰ԼĻһЩԴʣİ׼ӣͨͨ
ȻŤֻҪ򵥵˵ӡҲˣҪǿǡ
ޡ±ǲӡᵽԼŮʿƣ
̷ᵽҲһһЩ
ϷĶྴһһŮʿ

ﻹкܶͨĵطҾͲٵʦ
ѧʦĴˡҪǽ£һһ
ӣϾŮͼӵĹϵ

Ѿ87ˣСҲ˺䶯ҿϺܶ˶̣
ӲġǰĻһʮͻȻ
һӣᱻǲڲôˣΪ
ֳȫðˡʮҲܹŮˡ

˸Ů˲һʹˡʮܹ꣬лľӣֻҪ
ҵһľӣͿܾŮ̫󣬻
ŮʿᵫԸдмڰˡʮ
Сһ漣ˡ

й磬ѾˡһҺ82
ʱҲһӣӵʱѾ54꣬ܿѾû
˵ʱϲùӵʱɼɼеĴӪ
йǮϲɼСӦþǴġ
ĸټʫ81һŮ84δһӡ
ʮ꣬ǺųǲȽֳ
ӦҲǲ˴еķ

ԴӳνȽֳ֮󣬾ͺױãرǱй
ĸá첨ôмӡǰ
˵Ѿٸˣ˵ġ

еķСΣǺʶ߰ʮ
ꡢ˾ʮôеķСΣһʶеĻͦ
ĽģӰ

Ȼ˸Ů˲һ˻ԲνȽ
ֳһΣġǶСΣ
˵ľӵ½кĻͻԽԽࡣ
ҲǰһعԱĽĿͽ⣬ᵽһڲӵ
лᷢкĻԽ󣬲кķҲԽߡ
ʮ˾кĻĸʮ˵屶

ЩкĻͻ䡢ԼкŴصµĺ
µСķմӡֵӵϰ񼲲
ˡ˵Ա֢˵֪ĸԽ
µСԱ֢ķҲԽߡⷽ׵ϵҪȸĸ׵
ϵҪһоΪ׵䳬ʮ꣬ôµС
Ա֢ķǸ׵ʮҲеоΪû
ô࣬Ϊֻһ롣еоΪǸ׵ÿʮ꣬
ôСԱ֢ķվͻ20%

Զڸ׵ԽµСԱ֢ķӶ٣Ŀǰ
ģеΪպܴеΪûô󣬵ǷջӣĿǰû
ġŸ׵ӵġ

ֻԱ֢ĸϵͳйصļҲ˵
֢׵ʮ꣬µСԺþѵķ
ḸС屶

ϵͳļļҲ丸µС
ñĸָļķҲˡһоΪ׵ÿ
꣬ôµСԺöͯѪķվ13%

׵̫µС彡ķգо񽡿
ķգСǺܲġСͬǻԱȣԼĸ
ô󣬿ԵүүˣȵүүͻҪͬǵĸ
ĺüҪ˵ûпܵӣСԼҲӰ

ܶ౾Ըһ˶ôˣ˾ʮˣô
öЩСܻû꣬׾ˣûˡ㷶ܳ
ɣȵһʱҲСѧձҵ

ΪʲôйЩôֳӣһʮ
ٸǰ˾ʮ˻ǵøԼһأܵйͳ
ŮĹӰ

رνĹѧʦĴͳòТ޺Ϊ
ȻŮˣҲŮԼĺ󣬲Լļ̳ˡٴ
Ҳ취ԼһӣžܹڽӴĵذŲȥ
ŲԼŮĻ;úǸˣŲʧˡ

Էһ˶˾ôŮӶϾϵ׼
ҪŲԼĶˡǸûѪԵϵģǸ
ǰ޵ǰģ̸ģڷϷ԰ȡ̵Ĺϵ
ӡǸŮûϾŮϵģΪѪԵϵ
ǲϿͨͨʲôϾŮϵҪ˵Ůˣ
ʹǷǻŮ˵һ˭˵ڻһӻ
һŮʹϣӼ֤˵ȷŮϻ
ϿɵģϲϣǿŲġ

йŲļ̳УȵġдһеŲ
Լӻ߶Ӽ̳УκˣŮҲȫԣ
Ͽɵġ

ûôʹŮϾ˸Ůϵ
ҲϡŮͬҲм̳ȨҼ̳Ȩƽȵġ淢
ĻʱֿԿѧʦĺƲ־硣ʹ˳ذ
ȫƲδӣҲܱ֤Ӿܳꡢͻкܼ
Ʋȥ޳ѧʦơ

2025.12.12.¼

2025.12.31

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ӽҼ٣ǰ˹Ĵҽӻ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJBOJMc0ypI

ӽҼ٣ϲϲϴǼٻ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTEe2L21Pbg

ӽҼ٣ϾԺԺ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQ8ocTz5Ssk

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ίıǡϣ硱ƶȻӶ᣺褡ϣ硱µķ

ߣη

ܶ˶ƪ̸ί£һǿҵĶУ
³ͻԡϣ硱겻
ѡ

ǡǡָ߶ѧԢԻ·ʽڸһؼ⡪
ĸ̾˲пΡ

ĵжϳʵֻһ仰ίı磬
Դڻ˵̰ܣԴں˵ĵ¼顣仰̣
ñȡܵʧܡ˼ʵ沢ڷ
վסš

ȣһģرܵʵί
ȵ롱ڡƶȻĶӡ

зǿΤ˹ӡʹ޲ʾ˲̰
ߡִѧ뷨ιҵı׼УǷ̰ۡж
ͳεĺָꡣһλͳϵͳԵش졢ݲά
ȨʱƶԸܵĵһˡ

Τ˹ִڼ䣬Խ3000Ͱռȫ17%̽ʯʹ
ʱɳذҪĲƸһֵȴǧԪծ
Уʯ͹˾PDVSAĲ仯¢ʳ
ƷۿŹϷԴͬ

ǳڡİ컵¡һֵ͵Ķ
ClientelismĸȨȡӺ͹żŵľҳϡ
ﲢʧصĸãǱƶȻǶͳνṹ֮С

Σ褽ίʯѹΪлĵЧͬ
ʷ

ίʯ͹л1976˹ִʱھɣʱPDVSA
רҵţЧӯΤ˹ģǵġл
һϴԵ˶ǿ޸ĹɷݱҪʽȨ
˰ɭڣExxonMobilͿʯͣConocoPhillipsȼͷ
¹ؼɼϲ㡣һִҵ׽Ϊν
Ȩ岢ʵʹΪʯƹලͳ
ֱ֧Ĳ䡣

ھùϣ褽ΪΥʶġаʵ顱Ȼ
ѧĹʶǳίľñԴһαװ
ơ

Ļǳʵе˫ػƶȣCADIVIٷͼԪֻ
ԡϿɿȨ󿪷ţǿüͳɱ㣬ͨе
óɰǧı֮׵ģǸߴ1,000,000%ٷ֮һ򣩵Ķ
ͨͣͨӡƱϡȫƸͨʹƽƸתȨ
㡣

ΪӵǣΪάǰͳʽΤ˹ȨٽǧԪ
ľ޶ծʯͻЭ飩ŵδʯͲ
֡ʯͻģʽʵǽδԴ˵Ѻ֡
ǼһϵƶΪϴǮƣѸݱΪģ
ߡɹԺ֮ûо
һƣ͹˶ԹƸĹӶᡣⲻ֪ġ桱
ġı

һƾɡԵ۶ϣȨ
аʵʩҪǿӶơȨΡ

һ߼ȫߵʵǣΤ˹1999̨ĵһش
жܻͨдܷⲢһεƶȸĸһΪ
Ȩ붯ԱƵƶعһȨعʯͼ۸֮ǰ
ҲڴģĿʵʩ֮ǰĿǲͳȨƺ⣬
ͳͨͶƹֱ⡣

ȨǡΪʵȲȡֶΡӶԾģʽ
άֵǰûеġɾȨṹӶ
һ춼޷ת

褵⣬ͬԴ˳
̬ȣѡѧ

áˡ顱硱ɸЩ˵Ĵʻ㣬һ
ִġȷͻԴƶԱΪһ
ֹ౾Եζϸ̾޴Ȼȴʶϼڱԣ
ѿ׷תΪ޿ɱˣʩ˱Ӣۡ

ִѵķ޶ȵʶΣȷ塢ƶȻ
ɱԡһЩҪر۱ƫʵжϣ
˵顣

ʵ񻰡
ίĳû
Ϊˮ̫ĸջ

ΪƶΪ˽̣
˲ţ
ͼӽ˴󺣡

ϢԴ˲飩

? Transparency InternationalCorruption Perceptions Index2000C
2023

? International Monetary FundIMFVenezuela Country Reports

? World BankVenezuela Economic Overview

? U.S. Department of JusticePDVSAϴǮ븯ܰļ

? Organization of American StatesOAS

? ѧڿڡRentier State롰Populist Authoritarianism
ıȽо

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ʳָϻӰ˭

ߣ

1980ʼÿ귢ʳָϣָҲȫӪѧҽ
ѧҵ߲οı׼󲿷Ӫʦҽǵʳ飬ٲο
ʳָϡԴС޸
ߣܶѾû˲οֵЩʱڵָϣԳΪ
棬ʳָϡ

Աʳָϣһ仯ǶԶ֬Ƽ
ǰָǾ⶯֬Ҳţеķ⣬
ȻҲΪҪĶﵰԴ֮һҲʾĺܶཡ
գһЩ֢ĹǺͽֱķաЩָϽж
ȨĽۣ漰вѧоͼʮ˵ǰհԹ۲죬
صķѧоصضDNA˱ǡܿѧ
Զ˵ٷ֮٣֤ݼ𼸺ȷȷĽֱ
գеоֳԺȵٵģֱտ35%
ڶ֬ΪǱ֬ᣬѪܵķոǰ϶ӹ
ɡԶԶ֬ѧָһ龡⣬±ͻ
޷ļĵ

ʳָϽÿͶҪзӹĶ⣬Զ֬Ȼ
ȻǿƱ֬ᣬ˶Զ֬ľʾȻ
ָƼ϶Ӻͱ֬롣

С֮Է񶨿ѧָϣҪЩݣ̶ܴ
Լִ˵ΪԼͬĺܶ˶Լϲ
,⣬ọ̈̄֬ԾͲϿɿѧָϡȻΪ϶
ֱø˹۵ѧָϣԿҲټһЩνרң
֮ǰרίԱᣬЩרϵý׾ͺʵС
ҵЩרҺܶҲϵý屨СרŶӡ
ԱȫţЭᣨNational Cattlemens Beef 
AssociationоΪṩѯһ˻
ίԱᣨNational Pork Boardоʡٻ
ԱаΪҵ֯ˡƷҵ֯
ƷίԱNational Dairy Councilڲһ
Աĳߵ״ͲƷĹͬߡ

ôһָϻ˵ĽʲôӰأ
һŶۡ

ֽ׶γ˶ԣӰ첻̫Ϊ󲿷ֳ˵ʳϰѾ
̶ˣѸı䡣һ˵ʳϰͯʱڵʳľ
ˮƽλԼϵصӰ죬ָϵĸıԸ˵ʳѡ
񲻻رӰ졣ǱûʳȺƽʱʳ
ָϵĸı䲻ɸӰ졣Щʳ
һЩϸԥýӰˣܻһЩͽ
ҽӰ׷󲻽ʳдͽҽһЩ
ϵ̴ͱ֬ԽΣˣʳָϻЩ˸


ӰĿ꣬ʳָϻѧУͣʳƷװ
仯ܵӰ죬СӵʳϰһɣͺѸıˣ
ָ°տѧ޶

ƹȨһ˵ĸص

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ٱҵѧսѧΪ

1. յ͵ظΪ

2014ȻѧȽ2ƣͨѶԼĶ̬ϵ
ͳ뷽
2013ʡȻѧһȽ1ƣȷлϵͳĻģ
о
2017ʡȻѧһȽ1ƣʱͷϵͳģ
ģ͵뷽
2019ʡȻѧһȽ5ƣԲȷϵͳ
״̬ƵĿ뷽
2019ȻѧһȽ5ƣģ̬ϵͳĿơ״
̬Ƽģͽ뷽
2020йԶѧȻѧһȽ5ƣӹҵϵͳ
Żо
2024ʡȽ4ƣӿռ价Ӿٿ
ؼӦ
2023걨ȻѧȽ1ƣ̬ϵͳĿ
뷽
2025걨ȻѧһȽ1ƣ̬ϵͳ
Ӧ

ϱʱսڽ겻ڱڱ·ϣ
ڵ͵ıרҵ

2. ճϮؿ󱨽ĿĴµ

۳ȫҲδκһĿӻ
տǣųƽ̬ϵͳĿۣƭ
רңڵ͵ҿҪԣǵ͵ѧ⡣

3. Ӧóɹ

ûκһϵͳʹ鹹2DлģͣҲûκһʵ
Ŀʹ鹹semi-Markovian jumpģͣûһϵͳʹ
event-triggeredģͣտǣͨҹϵһνӦ֤
Ǽ͵ѧ١

Ƽίزദյѧ
ΪټȾѧˣ

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ʱһҫ˵

ߣƽ

1989ĴǰϦϺʱӵҫ
绰ԼȥǶڡĽ̨ʧ󣬺ҫԼңȥ
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˭֪ҪͻȻҴ绰˵ϣܲμӴᡣ˵
Ҵûμӹ˵ֳҲʺҡ˵ʮйϣ
Ҳμӡ˵ʦ˵ôؽôѽֻܲμˡҰ
˺ҫȻϵ

ҲμӵĿǼйءҼҵСķѪҽβ
ǼһǮ´ȥҲõľ̨Ǹ
Сķҽ뵽ֱֳΤΨݳˡķסʱ
¿޳һƬǳˡҲܼסûеᡣ

ڶһ֪Ϊʲôȫɻͣɣû취ֻܶƱ
ޣܽ䣬ֻȷɹ֣סһ𳵸ϵ
СѾźȥˣûиڡ

һҫ壬˵ˣܸˣҺһȥμ
Ϊٰľƻᡣ˵ƻ᱾Ҫ죬Ϊ˵ҲƵڡ
˼ǾƻЩ쵼϶Ҫƣȵþͺ٣ʱҽҲ
ȣȥ˾Ϳ԰ơܺȾҫ֪ģ͹Һܶ
þơڳ˵㲻ʥǾɣһܵסǡ
ȻҫġСסЩ˾ίǵġַըûе
£ڡɡĳƺš

Ƕʱҫ˵Ҳ֪Щʲôҿó
̫áҵʲôһ£ǳɣڱϿ
ݳϢҾҵ˵㲻ǸЦ𣿽
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Ҿý˵Ц̨˵˼

뿪ǰҫ֣µ̸һλ˵
֮ϵܲԽԽæˣأܻ᲻ʲô
ԽԽˡ㲻Ҫٻܶʱˡ⻰ʱҵᶼ
ˡ

ҶҫòΪ׳ʵҺ
ʱȵʱöࡣʱֻεӺһȼ٣
ǺҸȥ˺ܶΣʱҲöࡣ˭̸֪ǵ
ûȥˣ˸пѡʹҫ
彻⼸

1985꣬ڷĽ£Ҽˡʱǵĺҫӡ
ձϿϢ֪ҲǹԱ

ϴ绰ҽȥһңô뵳أ˵
ǰд뵳飬ûң˶ҷǳҫû˵
ʲôȥҺܿ˵յµĹ涨˵ͬʱҲԼ


һ͹ίϷһļ˶ԱĻʳ׼Ϊһ
ΧӱһǿΧСʵ
ǲϺ飬һΧһҪ߰˸Сʱĵ
һö࣬Χ˶ԱҪԵúܺòСǸ׼֪
ʲôƶġ

һֱ̨ĿУң˭Һ
ԥ˵ЩװϹָӵ쵼ܾٸ
˵ԣͰѲ͹ίϷǸļ˵ˡΪʲôô˵أ
Ϊʹҫ˵ҵ٣˭ǵĻʳ׼Ƚǵġ
ǵĵƣʳ׼ûн

ȫЭίһЭϣȫСѧΧε
ʵǳܵԸǰֹһθҽйĴĻ
١塢顢٣СѧֿΡ飬дֿΡΡ
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ãйһҪʵ֣졣ݣжʮСѧ
ʦμӿˣ󲿷ʦ̸ռΧΣȵռʦʣ
ҪġҫⷬҵӡҲʹ֪ݺ

һʹҶԺҫ˼Ϊ̵ӡ󡣱Ϊйʷ
ʹġһš죬Ǹգȥú͵Сƽƣ
ͬʱμӵĻкҫ󡢶ظˡҺͺҫ
ڷƹУҫȻңԽϵʲô
Ҳֱʵػش˵ϵûʲôʵ壬Ǳˮƽߵö࣬
ǴƽͿԳߣҹӮ

ҫһ׷һ䣬뷨ίж٣
Ҳ˼˵ҹеίͬ־뷨ҫ˵
УУƣϸʱί˴绰
˵ⳡ򲻼ÿ϶ӮҪ׼رҪֹȺ£Ҫ
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ҵʱԱߣĿãȴܲΪȻ㲻ܽʵǡ
в쵼ɾеˣô
׼Ȼû˵

󣬺ҫ鲻ˣȥ򡣴Ҳܹⳡرǵ
үҲǸԣǾɢˡ

صΧӣҾʹ򿪵ӻȲнһ죬뵽ҫ
Ǹߣȫ˵ԴڷʱȴŸ߶ȵ侲ʱһû
뵽Ļ£ʵ֤ϾȺϽ£Ż

ºҫ˵绰λλ
λδ˵绰ǵָʾֻǲ֪ĸڳû
ͱйϵ¼Ȱŵľ÷ǳ


ʹҶԺҫӾˣԤ⵽ֹȵп
򣬶ҿڵʱǵԭ˲أпܻ
˽йеĲȻЩСһΰ
μңųԽһ˵˼ά͵ʶ

һš֮ѩ루ʱιעʱ
ѹǳ󣬴ƽ˶޷лˣǵôʤɣҪúÿС룬
ʱίܹѺҫָʾʱ飬ѩ루ʱ
ϽȫԵģҫ署ģǽ£ж°ô
Ľһˡ

ҾͺҫӴҫԹίĺöָʾתȥģ
Ϊ뷴ӳҲңҪʱҲʵתò
ˡλڡܺǡһ˵һΧֺ쵼˴
ʱ˵ʲôŮŪûֱӵȻָ
ҡǲʵġ

ҫŮ˵ŮУ⣬Ҫ
˵˺ܶκûЧرüʮֺҫ˵Ҫ
û˵Ҫְ⻰ȷʵתίģңҲܲת
ҫ˵ʲôʹҫָʾġ

һл;ͨ쵼˶ԱĹϵԸպ͵Сƽ
ƣүӾơҲСƽƼС⣬ԵСƽר
Է

һȥμӱʮѵĻڶҺƽ
һܰΪѾͺҫԼȥƣǾһ
ңҲƽͺϡȻһϺҲϣܼ
쵼Ҿͺͺҫϵ˵Ҳ˶ԱΪ⣬ܲܽӼ
һ¡ʱҲڣؽӼƽͺһ

19861231գȥôƣʱеСƽҫ
ӷԷʱ򣬴һģȺʱӷͻȻԺҫ˵
ҫ壬ʲô鶼ҪֻҪģҪౣ塣ҫ
ش˵ûʲôֹ۵úܣû⡣ҵʱ֣
ôͻȻðô仰Ҳû롣

֮ҺͲܴԪȥμһϳϯһᣬ
ʡĺܶ쵼ҲμˡУͻȻӹ㲥ҫְ
ϢҵʱǶˡʱǰӷͺҫ̸
ǿѾ֪ˣҴӱһҲûʱʡһЩ쵼
̾ͱ̬룬Ժҫ˵ЩεĻ˵ǶԺ
ҫ˽ọ̀Ҳ޳ɡΪҫʹ˴Ҳ֦ڵģ
Ǻõġʱһҫ˵ʵ֤ҽǶԵġ

ںҫڽӴУظе֡ǣǡ
֮Ƕǣֶ֮֡ˣҶ˸Ͷءȥ
һֹǻڽĹǡÿȥҪĹȥ
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ͬʱԻΪҷӡ͡ӡ31.5
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ժñӣŮΪءͥζȫǧ
ԼǵٱΪ񡱣ᡣũ壬440
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Ϊȫ71С̡ССֹҵߵȻָͶߡݣΪ
׼ҵߡ

Ϊʱҷ鳭Ĵָ۵ĸн黹ռõ˽
ԭҵɲһͬʡ

Ϊ40ԱͶԱʵߣͷŹµ
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ӡժñΪ޿ơʡɣġ֡Ǹɣ
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ӡ

ԡĸԡд̵10402ˣԼذ
֯飬ԩɱɱ൱أԾкƽ

ݲȫͳƣ19781982ףȫƽ300ɲԩ
47Աָ˵ǧ޹ĸɲȺڵõ
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˴ģĲҷƽԩٴʵʷԵĺͽ⣬
ɽ´һ顣ƣգⶳһ
ѽıѩΪˮ

Щ˾ȵУɺҫ̫ࡣԴˣҫ
ʵץʱΪʲô̫ࣿ

Ǻҫֵ¡ʷڶ̶̵ļ֮䣬˷
صľ޴仯һ׳٣ԻعĿˣǿ
˿ɺüӡ

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

յȨԸܡԼĵ¡

ߣDAVID E. SANGER, TYLER PAGER, KATIE ROGERS, ZOLAN 
KANNO-YOUNGS
202618ŦԼʱ

䣬ͳƣΪͳ˧ȨܡԼĵ¡
ƣȫȻӹʷԼԼȫþʵʩֻв
Ϊƺơ

ڡŦԼʱһ漰໰ķ̸УʼȫȨǷ
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ҲҪʷ˵˺ˡ

һ׷ǷҪعʷʱճƣء
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ȡԹʷĶ壬˵

նþ¡ûֶιȨɶȵ
ֱӵļֵ۱סǣڴУӦǹ
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ϹڴĳЩԼأǿӲԣͷԼϲ
ζ֡ݺ͵طԱķвӡ

ȷʾԼԤѸжԸ
ͨвҡڽܡŦԼʱɷڼ䣬˸ױ
ͳ޵ĳʱ硣ǰնвܶԸױǷί
Ϯ޶ԴȻ硣

Σ֮УͨǰܡŦԼʱɷʱ˵
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δ쵼ͨв⽻ʵʰڼСʱǰ
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˴ʺ˼ƻĳɹİ칫ϰڷִиB-2ըģ
͡ĩѸƷίжԼԱԼ˹Ƶĸ
ͼı

ʼȡάԼĸȼʱվֱܾӻش
ϡҪѡ񡱡ȷʾûΪģ
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й쵼ϰƽ˹ͳվܻ߼Ĺ۵㲻м
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óɹıҪΪȨܴĶ޷ͨ޻Լ
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η̸տȨ͹ұ߽ҪԲΪ
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ƣʵ֤ΨˡǰΰݵǺͰ°
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ֹ֧Ĺڻʩ衪ӵ簲ȫĿ굽2035Ч
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ͳ˵һֱŷ޷ǳҳϡúܺáң˹
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⽫ʹĺ˴״οԲƵ⡣

ھ͵ڰɣ˵ǻɸõЭ顣Ϊӵ
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ܻҲ˵

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ʮùʷһֱǶ˹۹һ֣ṩڡ

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쵼ίɵвĿϰƽ̨ĿȻͬ

һв̸ίʱ˵㲻ῴӿ
йظԼ˵ͰɳԱ

ջ˵㲻ῴƷӿйῴл¡
㲻ῴ̨ļ򿪣ӿйԺ˵ӵȺ
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ָϰƽ̨Ϊйķвʱ˵ȡ
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ģԺŹͳսȨļȨͬһּ
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ڹ棬հʾֻڡض¡Ȩ
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ѾڿǱͨ취߷ԺƷݽȨ޷
Ĺ˰Խ°װΪɷѡʾԼѡΪ˻ָ
꣬ΪбҪԸԮҷڲ
ӣֹӲ

˵ĿǰΪֹһûбҪô

David E. SangerһϵйҰȫ⡣ʱְ
40꣬Ұȫս顣

Tyler PagerǡŦԼʱ׹ߣͳš

Katie RogersǡŦԼʱ׹ߣͳš

Zolan Kanno-Youngsʱ׹ߣͳ

룺ŦԼʱ

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ӹܡίվʤ

ߣM. GESSEN
202614ŦԼʱ

ŷӵʱʿƲ⣬ίͳޱ
ҲǶԶ˹ͳվĴΪίͶ˹ѡǡǡ෴
վʤΪ¶ԶսԷɡȨΪʯ
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Ͳӵ˵ǿּڴٽִй
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ͳŷڷʱί
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һֳŪͳǹҵıͽʵϿʲôΪ
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һַǳĳŪκιעվ˶Ϥλ˹ͳ
ڿΪ˽ڿں˹Ȩڿ
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һͨѡȨȨ쵼ߣڿѡٺϷ
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ǰΪһ꼶ѧϹ¹ȻԴĿγ̡
polezniye iskopayemiye˵⣺˼ǡ
ȡĿγԼǵýʱϵķ·
ĸܡһǵãʵؼӲڿʯУʯִı
ƷصĿǿԴһǵһ޴ͼ
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ҡ

պվһͬǣǶŷ޼ֵۡЩԺ
ȨΪݵļֵ۹˶սĻʯվݽг
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ίŰ͡͹³ȰвŰ͡Լ
ѵκطþͻüôΪ51ݵ
¡

ˣҲʹվܹ̲ŷޡ̨
˹ŷ޷ĻսκͻʩƻΪƸڶ
ŷ޻ĿнͨƵʡѾڿĳʩѹ
վӸˡּ˹ķʽĪ˹ƻֻķʽ
ƣ⽫ʹӴ󵨡Ҳյͬźţƿί
վƿڿôϰƽϯȻҲƿ̨塣

վ޵ѣȥԼʹ˳Ӧ
۵ԸȴʼһվøӺгˡΪı
ŵվոôΪȷʵͬ
ʽ硣˹оֻѥӺó˫

M. Gessen ǡŦԼʱרߡƾд2024Ρ
˽11飬аThe Future Is History: How 
Totalitarianism Reclaimed Russiaٻ2017ͼ齱

룺ŦԼʱ

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ϼ562025.11.21-25


@fangshimin.bsky.social
9.9K followers
41 following
9.2K posts
ӣң˿վ xys.org YouTube 
www.youtube.com/channel/UCgT... 籨Ⱥ t.me/fangshimin



?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
¡֮Ƣһ¡Ƣ2/11лл㣬
¬ȡ youtu.be/dg4TeUNOA3c 
顶1Ƣѳ棬ɴѷվ
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1965771106?ref=cm_sw_r_ffobk_apin_dp_BXD7FBW
AEP1PBCS11R0B&ref_=cm_sw_r_ffobk_apin_dp_BXD7FBWAEP1PBCS11R0B&social_s
hare=cm_sw_r_ffobk_apin_dp_BXD7FBWAEP1PBCS11R0B&bestFormat=true
1:31 PM  Nov 21, 2025


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
߽ĸ𳬷类ִץȥӪôԡϵ
ɱڼӪɱĵڶйˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m66bcpqkb22l


??
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 1mo
ķʹڰ׹棬֪ôֺôգ˵ܶന֧Ҳ֧
ֲ֧вҪͣŦԼѣ
˵ϲΪλгһЩǳ顣һֱ
ķĴۻ᲻ΰת
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m66gzf3tuc24


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 1mo
ϯ˵߲㡢߹ÿ춼ѧϰģҲ
Ӧѧϰġ
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 1mo
ȫŦԼѡгķͣشϣܹ
˺ǺܴİΪλгܹһЩǳ
顣ԽãҾԽˡҼһλǳԵˡҼһ
λϣŦԼٴΰˡҶĹġ᲻˹
̡
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m66j6yq2lk24

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Ϊ˻ػƣй޳ӰӵΪס
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 1mo
ߣķ쵼µŦԼ𣿡գһġ
Ļᡣ
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 1mo
ߣŦԼݳ͵ѡˣ˹طھѡʱķΪ˹
ʥսӡΪվһλʥսԱ𣿡գҲô
ΪһλǳԵˡķȰ°ն

https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m66pmsocfk27


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 1mo
ߣȷΪͳǷ˹𣿡ķ᣺֮ǰ˵
գûϵֱ˵ǡҲ⡣ߣΪʲ
ô𳵣ķ᣺һ᳢Ըֽͨߡգɻˡ
Ŭ·;ңԶŤͷķᣩһ֧ġնԶ
Ӷûô
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m66qygpnbk27


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ұ(California aster)Ҷ(mule fat)
ɭ(coast jepsionia)⻬Ҷɽľ(smooth mountain mahogany)
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m66slik4dk27


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ȤһĻķֵ˹̨ʡ
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׹ĹٷƬ˹زɶ⣿
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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
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˹ƳҪάٿƾϰٿƣִɴվĲ
ϡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m66xp6cbbk2u


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 1mo
йڱҾڹϳܣҲʱʱܹ
ڹϡ·͹İȫУҴ
ûмҪ˵ܣܶûġ¡йڱΪ
ȫĹҡ 
https://open.substack.com/pub/fangshimin/p/07a?r=2y2z33&utm_medium=ios

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
2025ˮݣ·λ$546˵Ҹ$488
$481ʢ$466$447˵ݣϴ$280ɫ
$288ī$288$295$296$390$356
ŦԼ$409$340
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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
2024ʥǸ翤¸2ף2Ĳ2թ4
˿ڷ7ɱ13Ű17Ͷһ͵ԣ23֣33
թ44ǿ飺62Ʒ63ɱˣ88֣90
飺110͵Ǯ117̰Ųã150ԣ159潣233


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ΰһֱԼǡձݴѧʿȡ߾ݡݷֲ壬
ۻ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6773s32ds2y

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ΰеĲʿֹΰǸðñġʲôƭӣȴֻ
ԼѧûѧУٱΪѧƭӲ֣
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m67aljxc422c



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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ճķķ˿ҵܸŦԼгķ
桱ܼɹ˺Ӱ͵ƻʥսӡķ
Ϊѡٵû뵽ΰ䱻ķƻҪꡣ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m67ffrluqc25



?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
Ҵ˿Ŀľ˿㱻̲ķ粨ӻ¼
ôΪҵģţ
youtu.be/ksXcuY8kK4I
1:03 PM  Nov 22, 2025


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 1mo
عԱƵݴѧʥǸУUCSDĻ
youtu.be/IkFwIX1bvWM


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 1mo
ûô˹ȻῪĵЦʧɢĶӡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6aqubh7mk27


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 1mo
ܳܰѲķɹݴգԴյӶ
ķǡ˹ӡȻͽȽҪ񶾡
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6arg6adts27


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ɳǷ棬ɫмըͣСļɳը24ˣը56ˡ
ɫڼɳۻɱ69,733˹̹ˣɱ170,863ˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6ascny5t227

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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ϊʹղ롰˹̹Щ¡ҲֻǱղˣ
κȨǮ˶ɵ¡
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6atnzqp2s27

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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ûմѧżķĸףǸ˼
ߡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6aus7k26227


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ʮ11´ӽȥˣϼ졣
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6b73pbld22m


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ұǳ(cape ivy)ʥƻ(sacred thorn apple)
Ӳ(dove weed)(California aster)
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6bb6bjkd22i


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
³ĬԴˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6bcksael22i


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 1mo
ո˹ͨ뺣Ҫж֮ǰ28˵
ûء˹ܾ󣬴ָĿ˵ǲ󷽰

https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6beguh5cc2i



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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
˹Ϊ湲ǰδ10-20꣬˹ܺͻ˴
չҵమãǮûмֵΪʲôĿ꣬˹
ת˳ɹҪþ޶ղطֽ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6bfcjhjas2l



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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
йǻۣձ俪
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6bk57xbws2l


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ϴѧԭУҢѧ飬͸㡱ô졷ͼƬ棩
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6blv4cy322d

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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
˹ԺǸйλͷļ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6bmhw7vok2d


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Щ͵Ա28ģ˵Ƕģֻת
ڿ˵¬Ȱ¸˵ġ¬Ȱ˵Ǿġƽ
ƻ˭ѣ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6bo3mew4s2d


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
΢տʾڵʱ¶ܶ˵ʵݡƵģ
ؿʾ֤ûڵַˣܶ۱ӡȡɫ
СǡĿǰûʥõġ

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
˺ŵַʾʦĺڻйƿţûӱ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6d3u7fvxs2z


?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
30ѧѧѷһǷ˽ѧ
12:42 PM  Nov 23, 2025
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6d6efjp2c2z



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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ʮһգýһֱ˥䡱
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6d7d23lt222


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 1mo
ȻйѧԺоһ㣬ݴѧҲ԰ѸУ
һ㣬ݴѧʲôǵһˡ2025оݴ
ѧйѧԺ˹̹廪
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6datzs5vk22


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ǯ˼ŮȷϲȥʥͰʥ³ȷУɶѧУΪʲôȥ
Уô٣ݴѧѧͥ18Ԫϵı41%
ʥͰ41%ɼ39%ʥ³ȣ38%ʥǸ磺34%ά˹34%
壺31%ӱ22%Ĭ£17%


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
2024-2025ݴѧסУѧƽãѧ$15080$43002ƽ
ã$24325ƽȫѧ68%$24269
ͥ벻696%$31259ͥ6-1288%$24120ͥ12
ϣ36%$8706ͥ벻64%ûǼͥʲߡ


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ʦʦŶйƿأʾһûѡģ
ʦѡ˵ֻʾǡѡңǾйˣҲ
һԴйֱأطǽǽע硰۲
Ȼʾ̨ģעǽûʱפ

https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6dgvz55ac2w


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
й񲿡ʹƶ÷ǽձפ߷ġ
ĺҪͨ۷ǽܶëŶͨ۷ǽҲͳһVPN
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6di42yq2k2w


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ɫеŴӡȡǣˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6diployjs2w

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ԭ½÷ǽֱء
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6doco73os23


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
˼ƻڻʢļ޼ҿɹߣط䣬ɱк
ˣкŮ˺СΪūΪ˻ξѵѧϰ
ǣǮ⡣
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6dp4any3k23


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ҰϢ(Parishs Nightshade)ʥǸ绨(San 
Diego wreath plant)ɭcoast jepsonia)С(horseweed)
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6ds54xozk23

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ﱻ27İСաǰͳڼ䱻ڼңƻ
׼һʼ˵ٶۻ˵ܣ
ǳ˻þڱץȥοʼ̡Ŵ˸100%˰
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6dszrubhk23


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ϊķһߣܶ໪˴ΪҪ㹲ҵ
塣˴ʵǰйϴˣΪ
塣ҵ壬Ȩ壬ʵǹ
塣¡ŦԼѡߵг 
https://open.substack.com/pub/fangshimin/p/9dd?r=2y2z33&utm_medium=ios


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
.¿֮Ӷ˹㲥
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6e2myjpks2n

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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ɭأ֪ͨʵð취ʲô𣿴ݰ
ݡݵͨҪ߳0.5ٷֵ㡣罨ǰᵽй
ͨ͸졣



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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Чʲޡ뵱ۿǶ˹ˡЧʲ
ģ˼ڲȥˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6e6zrveq22n


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
һð½ŮйʾйIP˵йֱز
÷ǽжйһ׼ȷ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6edj2kmzc2n

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ּһ֢񲡻ߣǲòᡣҹݽϻҵһЩ
ƵƵּ¼һǡһھдٱţԶǣ
Ҹսҷһƭӡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6eei5mu6s2n


?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
¡֮Ƣһ¡Ƣ3/11ӭ
磬ڵسɡ youtu.be/HJaMOfm5Clk 
顶1Ƣѳ棬ɴѷվ
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1965771106?ref=cm_sw_r_ffobk_apin_dp_BXD7FBW
AEP1PBCS11R0B&ref_=cm_sw_r_ffobk_apin_dp_BXD7FBWAEP1PBCS11R0B&social_s
hare=cm_sw_r_ffobk_apin_dp_BXD7FBWAEP1PBCS11R0B&bestFormat=true
12:36 PM  Nov 24, 2025

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ձʼ⵽йý塢սǵĿʷй
˶ô£ʱйսǴսձ
youtu.be/Gb11E8-OwDM


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ЩͼˮעйѲIPֶΣʾ
ǰעͺ͡ʦʦһĳֻʾȻ
Ʊ硰ǲй
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6fp7knyc22l


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
һ֢񲡻ߣ䷢΢΢ŹںŴԡҵ
ģ˵ġ֡
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6fqhtuook25


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ѧҶӨҲ߶ڲװ˵˵Ⱦ
䡣ŷ˵ô򵥵Ĵʾⲻˣ
ָơǾʲ˵Լʹȵ
ֻʣоƣҲ׺ȵñ֪Ѿƺȹˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6fskfdou225

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ҶӨȻˡʮӯӯˡ˼ȴΪʲôô
дֻĪظ̾ˡֲѺϣɶѺģڸ
̾ʱš޳Ҳת˲ţԴ˻ŷޣ
Ω¡ӦҸдƪҶӨʹѡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6ftupa3pk2h


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
20252ߵĳУŦԼ٣̴ɽʥ
ȿɽɽŦԼ³֣ŦԼɼ-̲ʥǸ硢
ʿ١(C2ER)
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6fyam6l4s2h

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ԴշǷΪɣǰֳסŦԼݼ쳤
ղķ˹ߡд٣ζţֻҪ
º׼ͿӴһͨ񡪡Ƿʦ
ŷ䣬Իȡ顣ܳΪɡջߵ߷
Ժñɴ󷨹ٱݻʹܵóѣҲԸɼߡ
ⲻΪӮϣΪɧζ֣໨ǮջԶѡ
Ϊɱг


?freemind24.bsky.social?
 ?@freemind24.bsky.social?
 1mo
װ߾͹׷


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ѿ˾Ͳ׷Ӱ죬Ǳڳ6ߡ


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ҰСҶľ(barberry-leaf goldenbush)β(black 
sage)ݰͶ(California croton)ɭĲǾޱ(Aldersons 
rush rose)
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6gd5r3azk25


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ŷ޵Ļһס¡ϰƽ°ھѣ
̫أԸ硣תͷգδתͷʱΡҶӨȻ֪˴ʣ
ŷ޵Ĵʡľܴƪڳ޹صʫʡˡ
£Ǯ鳰ЦʫǡϿȴδصһס


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
йIPΪˣŶҲΪȱ˹̹ģͬС
ӡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6gh4v3btk2z


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
κᶨغСȨ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6gkolwt722z


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ʦʦһģڿߡʦ
ʦķ˿ɹð䡣ҽ¶ʦǵʱ˿
Ϊʦķ˿ҵġ˵
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6gmltt25c2z


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
նϰϯͨ绰м㣬˷ܵйĹϵǳ
̣
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6gparyld22z


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ս۾ˡԱĵ飬вٻ
飬Ͼ·ͥѹСǲǻҪд̣Ϊ
Ա˵ˡȨִзǷһ˶֪ԭԾͷ
Ϊΰ䴨Ϊ˱ִǷϷ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6gqz4sw5c2z


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ջתӡȺǵġۡӡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6gtbwnhb22z


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ŮͶʣǺ˽ġǲӦðŮͶʡŮ
һһọܹ́Ϊĸܹó̵
ϲŭ֣ǵ˱øӳʵ¡ҵ
һ壩
https://open.substack.com/pub/fangshimin/p/e21?r=2y2z33&utm_medium=ios


?Endorphin?
 ?@sinoleaks.bsky.social?
 1mo
ʦᵽ˼ѧƼһлл??


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Hard Math for Elementary School


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ˮй¼µġ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6i466zkck2u


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 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
˷ӣҲŷ20ǰΪΪʺ󡱳
ġֱˡϵԹңݳޣˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6i4nrirr22u


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
һҽΪĵһΡҽԭǹ͵
Ա¹ڼҥ¹纬DNAԽ¹磬Ĵǻȿ
ά¹ڵҩ2024걻Ϊ·˹ҽ٣֣ͣ
·˹Ǳտ飬СԺ·˹ǡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6i52nafus2u



?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
ΰΪһƭ뽭տƴƽѹţȴ˻
ò֪״ҥԽˮΰ2023ѧУָ˶ʿ
жڱĵλΨһĵһ߾ڸо
2024һʿһ˶ʿǸʿֹΰǸƭӣѧ
12:17 PM  Nov 25, 2025
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6i5weagws2u

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
һòʿѧλڶѧڣȥʢٿʱ
ڻץȥӪųյĵ˵ԭֻ˵ѯ
ʡʹкϷݵˣץȥӪؼ춼ǡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6iaqqma3s2u


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
2025ʮУǧˣżӴ41914￨36585
33413µ30222Ϻ29559ݣ27563
2556624735Ӷ22550׶22490
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??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ƿ޳ԭ򣿡޳ʣ+3+28͵-6
޵ɣ-17ˣ-5᣺+2218-24: +3125-44: +22
45-64: -365+: -30У+11Ů-4(TIPP, 10/31/2025) Ա
֡
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6ijfahfec25

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ǰԺ͵ζΪոġڿƽЭ顱˹
һΪЭ޼ֵٲߣҲӦ
ðٲߵĽɫ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6ip6fsky224


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ߣع¼¼ʹάؿƷָ
ֺ㡣գǳȰڿٰڿ
˹̸иָġû¼˵̸й
ܳ档ȻĿľҪڿ


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ʱĸս鿭ԱġǷ
ۡԼ̸Щ˵ȨִзǷԱǡ
˵һǡ뷨ɳͻʱִܾԺҪĳɼ
ִΰ䴨յκ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6irebv7ys24


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ߣܶ๲͵Ϊ28ڿƽƻԶ̫Ѻã޸
𣿡գǲǼƻǸǡƻĸ


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ߣ㲻ģʹάؿƷ׶𣿡գţⳡս
ܻüꡣ˿ڶ࣬ҲԶڿΪ
ܴЭ飬һ¡ߣҪЩòգ
òǻֹͣսٽһռء

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ҰҰܲ(wild radish)ʥƻ(sacred thorn apple)
ɨ㻨(California broom)(California aster)
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6itmikpwk24

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
αװ½Ů½ҸйȻԣ
ΪصйĳۣͿԺԩ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6izceryzc24

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ѡе޳ʣ27%˹ͶƱе޳ʣ0
ᴨͶƱе޳ʣ81%ȥͶƱյѡֻ19%
ˡ
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??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
αͼƬ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6j4ewioi22f

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
2025б˹̹ս˹ʡЪʢ١
ϦǡζױǡUCɼҮ³UCɽɽUCUCʥ
Ǹ硢ſˡ֥Ӹ硢ŦԼɽմ
˹ǡϼݡUCά˹ʥ·˹ʢ١ƥȱ
UIUCĬ UT˹͡±նɡʿٴѧڻ
÷¡޸˹ũUC塢ɣɣǡ
Ъ˹١൤𡢼ǡ˷ա
ܡ˹ء಩¡SCImago

?
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
û͸¶ôжû˻ڵصġǰԱýɷʱ˵
ǰڲǸһ˻ڹȥ30ҪǴĸҵIPжϵġ
ڡ豸ƺ˻עʱõ豸


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
Ү³ѧ2012һ飬$70$11ҴӾ˾飬
յһʵû˷飬ֵˡ
https://bsky.app/profile/fangshimin.bsky.social/post/3m6ixg25s7s24


?hyperscimoc.bsky.social?
 ?@hyperscimoc.bsky.social?
 1mo
ʦʲôط飬ѷ

??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
ǵ


??
 ?@fangshimin.bsky.social?
 1mo
꿪ʼҹ԰ѧϰйǰƱշб
Ʊһű$80οƱһǵ$250Ʊοһ
$100ο̫࣬ס

(XYS20260109)

˿(www.xys.org)(xinyusi.org)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)
