                           ˿µϣ20091007գ

09.10.06ûи
09.10.07, ʸѧУԺʿʲôʱùLeibniz
09.10.07, toptipͶøķ̡
09.10.07, ʿƸѧѧϵν̡
09.10.07, ʥԡɽѧԺ¡һĵĻظ
09.10.07, ԺʿϰһͶ
09.10.07, ڡԺʿ͡ҡĺָ
09.10.07, һڽߵĽʦҲ˵˵Ժʿ
09.10.07, СϺѧֵϺίĿ(07ZS22)ѷƪƪԡ
09.10.07, ͬŸҪӴ
09.10.07, ɽʯŵ߸￵ļɡ
09.10.07, ΡͻŵǵЩݹϵ
09.10.07, ԺʿĹйӢ
09.10.07, ĦСʲôǡȾɫȻ
09.10.07, HenryҲ̸ѧֱмӷҲĻ֡ʦѧҲѧ١
09.10.07, ytdǲ鴦ʡ2009׵ʱˡ
09.10.07, ޼ɡ̽Ľʦʸ񡪡־ָ
09.10.07, ΪٴſSCIENCEµûƾ֤걾
09.10.07, ¿ķ굶·ͨ⡰˫äٴ顱
09.10.07, ˮˮԴҹųŵıϡ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ʸѧУԺʿʲôʱùLeibniz

ߣ

˿ϡЦá,ǿЦá͡ڡƪ¶
ѧѧ,ѧ淶,͵:ʦ׿14,
ָʿ,ǩͬĴ硱,УѧλίԱȷϴ
Ч,販ʿѧλ,УоԺвʿо,,һ
ġνѧ淶װӵʽҲҪ,Ǻ̸ѧ?
ʿԲͻ.УԺʿ,ǹԺѧλίԱ
,ôԷƤ³δܾ?ҲŪ
УԼοѧ淶ѧԡȤ,Ź!

ԡּ,ϳһ,<ٶȰٿ>ܵ:
о߷ѧר,1986-1988Ϊ¹(:Max Planck)
о֪ѧSpiessں˴ŹоĲʿ.
оſ,оɹ,,о򡱵ȫ,
оɹ.ĵڶ˵:о߷ӽṹ,Ⱥͷ
ԵתͬNMR·,ָ:.Щ·ΪSpiessо
С1987DFG䷢LeibnizҪݡ
(www.baike.baidu.com/view/242913.htm,,2009).

ô!Ǳԡ,LibnizΪؼֽйŹ,
.гȥ,һ<ӭԺʿ>,
ɡѧ߷ӿѧϵ顱ṩ,֣ȨС,
ԭ.ڽо߷ӹĽṹȺͷ˶
תͬNMR·иϸĽ: 

ЩΪһڡJ. Chem. Phys. 
Macromolecules ͡Chem. Phys. Lett . Ϸù㷺á.
ҲΪ Spiess оС198710DFG䷢LeibnizҪݡ
(www.polymer.fudan.edu.research/yanggroup/bopp.htm
:2006,03.24).

1986굽1988Spiess¹ʿڼ,ȷ
SpiessоС1987Leibniz.¹,Ⱥ,!

߼Ź,ֹٷվLeibnizĹϵиȷļ.
<Ϻеط־>ڵʮһ<Ƽɹ>еһ<УƼ>,
רһ:
1952ѧڸ߷̬͸߷Һʾ
оУͻԽչ1988¹Leibniz󽱣1990걻Ϊ
ҡͻ׵йʿѧλߡ1991ϺʮƼӢ֮һ.

(www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node4/node2249/yangpu/node45855/node45869/nod
e45871/userobject.ai32010.html,:2000).  

ٷԾȨĿ,:1988Leibniz
,һ,ͬLeibnizĹϵȴεְ汾:

汾1.  1988Leibniz.

汾2.  оɹΪSpiessоС1987Leibniz
Ҫ;

ʰ汾1Լṩ,˵ڵ¹ڼѾﵽ
Ƽǿ--¹߿ѧLeibnizˮƽ,ǷͬС!񼰵
,1990ΪϺ³ͻֺ͹ҽίͻ׵й
ʿѧλ,1991ϺʮƼӢ,1991-1992Ϻһ,1991
ƸΪڵȵ,.,Ժ߲εҫ,˳.

ɵ:Ȼ˰汾11988Leibniz,Ǹ
ѧ߷ӿѧϵα2006,ԶΪ汾2--
·ΪSpiessоС1987DFG䷢LeibnizҪݡ,
汾2ҲֻԼṩ,˭?

Leibniz PrizeΪؼּŹ,鿴Leibnizѧ
,ṩְ汾ĸ滰.Ȼάٿ(Wikipedia, 
the free encyclopedia)Leibniz1985,1987
913,198812,15,ͻߵλ:

1987 (9, 13):  1. Gerhard Abstreiter (Technical University of 
Munich); 2. Knut Borchardt (Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich);3. 
Nils Claussen (Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg);4. Bernd Giese 
(Darmstadt University of Technology);5. Wolfgang A. Herrmann and 
Hubert Schmidbaur (Technical University of Munich);6. Gnter Hotz, 
Kurt Mehlhorn and Wolfgang Paul (Saarland University);7. Erwin Neher 
and Bert Sakmann  (, G?ttingen);8. Friedrich A. Seifert (University of 
Bayreuth),Rudolf K. Thauer (Philipps University of Marburg);9. 
Hans-Peter Zenner (University of Wrzburg)
1988 (12,15):  1. Karl Joachim Ebeling (Technische Universit?t 
Braunschweig);2. Lothar Gall (Johann Wolfgang Goethe University 
Frankfurt am Main);3. Gnter Harder (University of Bonn);4. Walter 
Haug and Burghart Wachinger (Eberhard Karls University of Tbingen); 5. 
Werner Hildenbrand (University of Bonn); 6. Ingo Mller (Technische 
Universit?t Berlin);7. Herbert W. Roesky and George Michael Sheldrick 
- (Georg August University of G?ttingen);8. Wolfram Saenger and Volker 
Erdmann (Free University of Berlin);9. Gnther Schtz (German Cancer 
Research Center,Heidelberg);10. Hans Wolfgang Spiess (Max Planck 
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz);11. Karl Otto Stetter 
(University of Regensburg); 12. Thomas Weiland (DESY (German electron 
synchrotron), Hamburg).

(www.dfg.de/en/research_fuding/scientific_prize/gw_leibniz_prize.html,
¸,2009,05,19)

߷ȥؿ˺ü,1987û˵
SpiessС񽱡ļ,1988,ҲûС.,
ԺʿԼṩ汾ì,. Ϻеط־
ð汾1ʷ,,ѧ߷ӿѧϵΪǸ̨Ϸ
汾2,ҡȨС.п֮,ΪӦԺʿ
ػLeibnizϢ,Ժʿ:

1.  ˵ù1988Leibniz(汾1),Ϊε¹DFGвд˼¼?
Ƿǰ©?ܳʾйصĻ֤ΪԼ?

2. ˵1988SpiessµʿڼùLeibniz(汾1),
мصȴSpiessڻ1988Leibniz?ǰִ
Spiess?ͬSpiessڡЭ̳塱?

3. ˵1988Leibniz(汾1),ΪĿ鹫Ĳвֱ
˵д,ίдɡSpiessоС1987DFG䷢Leibniz
Ҫݡ(汾2)˵?ǿȨС?Ը?
4. ʹá(о)ΪSpiessоС1987DFG䷢
LeibnizҪݡ(汾2)˵,Ϊ1987ûСSpiess
оС񽱡ļ?Ǵ?SpiessоСý
?

ԺʿҪڷʮǰ,Ҳѹ׷,
LeibnizһĹ̫Ҫ,׷:

5.걨1988긴ѧڣ1991긴ѧں1990걻Ϊ
Ϻ³ͻ֡͡ҽίͻ׵йʿѧλߵĲ
,1991ϺʮƼӢĲ,Լ1991-1992Ϻһ
¡Ĳ,ܻ1988Leibniz?

6. йѧԺԺʿĲ,ν㡰2008Leibniz
,ĹڡSpiess2007Leibnizؼá?

*            *            *            *            *

ʮУ,еĳְ񡪹ԺѧλθΪйѧ
,

Ȼйطӳ,ǽŽ,ֻ򿴵Уѧ,ѧ
淶չԽԽ,ʵҲܴУ
йȰ,һʵ,Ѵҵ,һ
.֪⽫ڸ,Ѿѡ. ֻ
Ժʿ½,Ϊ˹ҵ,Ϊ˸ѧ,ȻҲԼ,
,,ڴǰ,һʮǰ:㵽׵ù1988
LeibnizûС?

һԣʱңνӪҵңĵһͰǡࡱ
ģ˵Ƿҳڣ⿿һЩֶΣܵõһᣬȻҲ
а˰ƾΪʹ֮ƺ
λӶǰӼ׷ѧ߲һ䵱ѧУһ
ѧλġУѧ۵㣬ôѧ۵㣬
ʱըһ׷ʱԱըը顣У
ȷʵ޷ɣ㿴ô?

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

Ͷøķ

ߣtoptip

toptipעǻڸĶͶøķʷ
Ϊ֪ʶʱޣбƫĵطؼ֮ԭʼΪ
֮ԸŵȣʱĶΪ
һμõڴѧ˼ĻᡣڶͶøһϵз
ֹᴩš/⡱-/ģ͡-ʵ֤˼·
˼·ԿѧġҲṩһܺõĽѧﵱ
ãӭתش

ԣǡ˭ŵˣ

2009ŵѧҽѧUCSFݴѧɽɽУ
Elizabeth BlackburnLizJohns Hopkins UniversityԼս˹
ѧCarol GreiderCarolԼHoward Medical School
ѧҽѧԺJack SzostakŵҳϽ/ǻ񽱵ԭǽʾ
how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase
ȾɫαͶøģǷǳרҵġȻ
ýΪ򣬻áAging Research Wins Nobel Prize˥
ժȡŵı⣬֮ӡѺıǡҿ˥방֢
ءţƫŵˡ

ɷ϶ͶøķܻŵΪ˥ϺͰ֢Ǳ
ڹϵ˸๫ڵĹעֻ˥ϺͰ֢correlatorߣ
ǿindicatorָʾߣԶcauserߣ귢˥
ϸ֮˷ܵΪҵ˥ϵġʱӡҿ˥ϵİ
ءʵ϶²ϸ˥ϵġƿϸ˥
ΪԭµϻСĶǱȽϳģСĶø
RNAǻóܻúڣ˥ֳҲҲ˵ڵ
СУ̲С˥ϵԭСһֱ6
ȻԽԽ̣ȾɫҲʼں [1]ϸֳҪĲ
ƣ֪øֻǰϸбȽҪһԶΨ
һһøȻư֢һǱڰб꣬ǰϸҲͨ
recombinationŴ飩ӳѶԶø[2]

ԣǡ˥ϻ֢оŵˣcell cycleϸڣ
оŵһǶϸܵҪоĿ϶о
йᴩš/⡱-/ģ͡-ʵ֤˼·
̾̽⿪һpuzzleţһȤ˼Ĺԡ
Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded for Cracking DNA Puzzleŵҽ
ѧ⿪DNAšоıΪ׼Ƕȣǲ
˵ǽ⡰puzzleŵ

ȾɫDNAԼ

2070DNAۺøԵ˽һȾɫĸ
⡣DNAۺøڸDNAʱҪʼøԾз
ԡȾɫ帴֮СRNAΪʼϳɣ֮DNAۺøԷ
DNAΪģ壬֮ǰϳɵDNAΪϳµDNAȡȾɫмRNA
Ⱦɫĩ˵RNAΪûʼûа취DNAȡ
ȾɫDNAÿһ֣RNAｵĩ˶һRNAĳ
ȡﲻϸǧǧزϸƣвȾ
ɫ岻̣վͻʧ James WatsonΪDNA˫ṹŵ
ȷָĩ⡱ȾɫҲͨڸ
ǰ壨Ⱦɫĩ˸ĩķʽĩ˸Ƶ[3]

1939꣬ǱŴ״оBarbara McClintockŮʿΪ
׵תӻŵע⵽ڼѺżȻȾɫѺ
ںγɡšڽŵ˿УȾɫ塰ѣںϣ
ţѡѭϼ[4]ȻȾɫĶĩ໥ںϣôȾ
ɫȻĩˣΪʲô໥ںأƲǣȾɫȻĩ
ͬڷDNAĩˣӦһĽṹȾɫ֮
ںϡ

Ⱦɫĩṹĸ֮󣬸һר-
telomere

DNAеķԼ˹Ⱦɫ

ôΪʲôڲͬأ򵥵أǣDNAûԣ

ᵽܲᵽһģʽĤ棨Tetrahymena 
thermophilaڷֶͶøĹ׾֮߳ڷϸһ
2002ŵҽѧϸоĤϸˡС
ȶ5Ⱦɫ壬ֳڽӺϸķУȾɫ
ѳ200-300СȾɫ壬rDNAȾɫ϶ѺͨƸγɸߴ
10000СȾɫ壨http://www.ciliate.org

ĤСȾɫڶ࣬Ҳ˵ܷǳḻΪоṩ
Ĳϡ1978꣬LizŮʿģʽ﴿rDNA
rDNAΪģͨϳɲdNTPʵ飬ƶĤĶظ5
-CCCCAA-3ɵ[5]һյ׽ҿˣŶظУ
DNAȻ⣬бʾŽȾɫĩ˵ͱĻ
ơ

1980꣬LizŮʿڻϱһֵʱJack 
SzostakļȤʱͼƽĸSaccharomyces cerevisiae
н˹Ⱦɫ壬ܹϸȻȾɫһơǵ״
ԻתĸϸܿرĽǲΪĩ
ûжбأеķJack Szostakлĩ
ĤĶDNAȻٵĸϸ漣ˣٽ⣬
ϸڸƣ˹Ⱦɫ뷨ʵˣ([6] and 
http://nobelprize.org)

ֵһǣ˹ȾɫʵֵҲǵ쿪
ʵʹDNAĴƬο¡ΪܣΪĹ˺
͡ҲǻϲڶͶøJack Szostakͬŵ
Ҫԭ

1984꣬Lizʵͨĸ¡˹Ⱦɫķֽ
ĸĶɲ̫TG1-3/C1-3Aظɵ[6, 7]

Ƶ˵ԼøԵķ

1984걨ĸеͬһƪУLizʵҷһȤ
󣺴ĤDNA˹Ⱦɫ嵼뵽ĸ󣬱˽ĸĶ
ĤĶ[7]ڶظɵģʱձ
ͬԴȾɫĩĻơͬԴֻܸƳ
УΪʲôĤϼӵǽĸĶжĤ
أͬԴ͵ġҲܣĸдרŵ 
øƶDNA

黹ȫµøΪ˵LizʶҪ
ø 

ǰĤӺϸĴ˷У˲˷ǳḻС
Ⱦɫ壬ÿһСȾɫ嶼ͷ˶Ʋ⣬øļ˵
ʱϸڵġøӦǷǳߵġ

1984꣬CarolŮʿΪʿLizʵҡʵ飬
Ĥĺ˳ҺĶDNAͼ⵽ø
ԣ졣ŻǰѵﻻϳɵĸŨ
ȵĶDNAͬʥڣڷܵCarolͬѧ򿪰عxƬ
ؿˡøԡڲ򽺵ͬλعƬϣԱ¼
DNAÿγһĴĤظλΪ
Ǻ[8]øԲģ壬ֻĤͽĸĶDNA
죬еDNAﲻ죻ҸûԲDNAۺø[8]
ͬԴûԵҪDNAۺøĻԣˣ
ǳּ˵֤һ֡øDNAø
Ϊøtelomerase

øRNAǻķ

ǶԶøԽһԡʱTom CechΪRNA
øԻŵ÷Lizʵң/һ˸򵥵ʵ飬
RNAøƷƷRNAøǷܵӰ졣ø
ԾȻʧˣøRNA[9, 10] ø᲻һ
RNAøشʱTom Cech ʼø
򡣵ȻʱҲ֪øڵ׵ģõøƷҲ߱
ø[8]1989꣬CarolͨٶøԣӴ¡Ĥ
ĶøRNAǻһյ׽ҿˣRNAǻһRNAúĤ
ĶDNAлøRNAǻΪģظƳ
DNA[11]

ͶøŮʿƽܼλ
Virginia ZakianŮʿʵҷֶTPEЧӦTelomere Position 
EffectλЧӦҲĻᱻsilencedĬ
Daniel GottschlingʵTPEʵ飬
ɸѡĸRNAǻģͬʱҲʶһ½ĸǳǿŴѧģʽ


ȰURAADEͨŴķURAʹ
ĸܹԼϳuracilणǸûܹѧFOAתж
ʣӶʹĸܹںFOAƽȱADEýĸ
ɫأʹĸ¡ɺɫڶTPEЧӦURAADEsilenced
ĸֻںuracilFOAƽҿ¡Ǻɫ
ŴĽĸתĸcDNA⣬ԤƣĳЩض
ȵĻͨԸıĳȡȱ㹻̵ĻTPE
ЧӦͻʧURAADEͻô̶ֶĽĸܹ
ڲuracilFOAƽҽĸ¡ʾ
ɫ

ָɸѡɸѡһϵӰȵĻһ
Ƚ⣬κĶֻĶһСεУRNA
онĸеĻУҶһнͻ䣬
ĸĶҲӦĸı-ǱĸøRNAǻĻ
[12]ĳɷ֣Ϊһ£øػ
Ӧñ䳤Ŷԡǡǡ෴ĸRNAǻĹú̡ܶ

˺1995꣬ͬLizʵұ˽ĸøĻ[13]

ø߻ǻķ

RNAǻʾΪֹžֻʣ¶øĵǻˡøȻ
ܹRNAģǻDNAôƲǻܾRNA 
dependent DNA polymeraseԣRNADNAۺøԣҲת¼
øĻԡһ˵ĵӦðת¼øеĽṹ򡣾
ûʵ֤ݣյѾµһ룬ܶ˶볹׵ؽҿͬʵ
ҵľҲü

1989꣬øһλŮܣJack SzostakʵҵVicki 
LundbladƾɵŴѧɸѡӽĸɸѡEST1
ѧDaniel GottschlingĸΪӣͲˣ
ȤȥԭʼףóEST1򣬶ŽĸĴ̣
̵һ̶ȵʱ򣬽ĸ˥[14]

Est1״ӽĸıͿǶøĵ״߻ǻVicki Lundbrad
Liz90Cell־ϴ󵨲²Est1׺ת¼øĽṹ[15]
Virginia Zakianʵ95cellҲEst1ǽĸø
[16]ڶ־ĹһǺùѧҲ
ʱھңѾоýӽڽҿյ׵ʱ׼꣬
æһЩsolidɿݡһվһߣյ
´ˡ

ôøĴ߻ǻʲôأ1996꣬Tom Cechʵֶδ
Ĥø壬һ׸ݷΪp123 [17]ͬһ
ʱڣVicki LundbladʵҸĽŴѧɸѡɸѡ˼ĸ
صĻΪEST2EST3EST4ҲCDC13[18]
Ľɸѡǳѽĸøȫøǻһ򾡡ֵһ
ǾֻڡӰӡ̫ߵGeneticsŴѧϣӰ
ȴǳԶ˺ܳһʱڣĸͶøо
ڲ⼸Ĺϡ

Ĥp123ףԼŴѧɸѡĽĸ
Est2׺Tom Cechʵ֤ǶøĴ߻ǻǺת¼ø
ĽṹԸýṹĹؼͻ䣬øʧ[19]ͬ
1997 Tom CechһְRASRobert WeinbergҲ
Ҳ˽ĸ˵Ķø߻ǻ[20, 21]˺
ת¼ͷϵͳ˶øĴ߻ǻRNAǻؽ˶
øԣ֤ǻǶøԵı걸sufficiency
[22]

ˣйȾɫĩͱյȫҿˡ
øһϵзؽ⣺Ⱦɫĩ˵DNAɼظ
йɣΪ˼ƶDNAΪʵ׼ȷ
DNAͽϵγɵĸ壩Ⱦɫĩˣʹ֮һĶ
Ⱦɫĩˣø⣬໥֮䲻ںϡøĸƣ
øĴ߻ǻöøԼRNAǻΪģظƳDNA
ӶȾɫ帴ƹеĩ֤Ⱦɫȫơ

ȷǷǳķó̡ȻչʾڵļԵͬʱ
ʾڵĶԺ͸ԡҪָǱֻǶͶø
ֵߡʵϣϸʱ⣬Ľг
ֿԡøֻһΪձĽȾɫĩķ
ʽصĲ룬ʱǲ²ͬԴļ˵Ҳûдϸ
ʵҲͨͬԴķʽ[23]ֳĸͨȾɫͷβ
ķʽܿȾɫĩ⣬ȱ洫
[24]James WatsonȾɫĲ֮ͬӬͨ
תӵĲϸ[25]伫ܹõ
[26]tRNA[27]ΪʼDNAĺϳɣӶʹԼȾɫ
Ƶ⡣

ò̾壬Ű

Time will tellʱ佫һУ-Ͷø̵ʾ

ӱĵԿͶøҪķֶĤ
ĸ͵ȵģʽϻõġһЩ͵ƽĸŴѧ
ϵƣڼϵķչRNAiڲ鶯ϸϵӦã
ѾСȻ˵ģʽĳû֣֮
ҪʲôȻѡܻشģʽΪϡ

ԽԽԵľйĿѧŸϢܶർʦ
߱ѧٵط£𣬶˿ԱҪ
Ķ׺˼ҳĹؼԿоۺơѧ
ֻ³еŷصʵҲܳ鵽׷ѧȤ
ɢʧ˿еԡṩһܺõĿѧݵİ
˼ģԭԵĳɹΪѧףʤ

ò˵ָϢлĵҲءڵĿ
Ҫش󼲲ҹȷ˰ͶҪҪ
󣬶ѧоģʽҲ𽥵شԴΪоݻΪ
оһжҪؿѧķչΪǰᡣ

ѧֵʷһظһʵΰķڶԿѧ
׷ѰЩҪĽȻڵʱܹӦǰƩ
ķʹ˹ȾɫԷ˹ȾɫķΪ
Ҫסλ֪ʶӦоȻֵô֧֣ǵǰ
˽⻹ޣһζӦоЧԡйΪ
һΪӦоԽڿѧչгֵĻ
ΪĻоӦòá

LizCarol2004ǷֵһλΪβTime will 
tell which connections between telomerase and health will endure... We 
did not set out to find a new approach to cancer therapy or study 
specific disease mechanisms. We were simply interested in how 
chromosomes are maintained...Yet the history of medicine is filled 
with examples of advances from improbable placesʱ佫Ƕ
øཡĺϵܳ־ȥҪҵһ
µư֢ķоĳĻҽѧʷ˴Ӳ
ܵĵطشչӡ[10]

ᵽĶͶøִ¼

1939꣬Barbara McClintockϸȾɫĩں
1972꣬James WatsonȾɫ帴Ƶĩ
1978꣬ĤĶ
1982꣬ķֵ˹Ⱦɫķ
1984꣬ĸĶ
1985꣬ĤĶø
1989꣬ĤøRNAǻ
1994꣬ĸøRNAǻ
1995꣬ĸø
1996꣬ĤøĴ߻ǻ
ŴɸѡĸøĴ߻ǻ
1997֤꣬ĤͽĸøĴ߻ǻ

ο
1.	Blasco, M.A., Lee, H.W., Hande, M.P., Samper, E., Lansdorp, 
P.M., DePinho, R.A., and Greider, C.W. (1997). Telomere shortening and 
tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA. Cell 91, 25-34.
2.	Neumann, A.A., and Reddel, R.R. (2002). Telomere maintenance 
and cancer -- look, no telomerase. Nature reviews 2, 879-884.
3.	Watson, J.D. (1972). Origin of concatemeric T7 DNA. Nature: 
New biology 239, 197-201.
4.	McClintock, B. (1939). The Behavior in Successive Nuclear 
Divisions of a Chromosome Broken at Meiosis. Proceedings of the 
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25, 
405-416.
5.	Blackburn, E.H., and Gall, J.G. (1978). A tandemly repeated 
sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in 
Tetrahymena. J Mol Biol 120, 33-53.
6.	Szostak, J.W., and Blackburn, E.H. (1982). Cloning yeast 
telomeres on linear plasmid vectors. Cell 29, 245-255.
7.	Shampay, J., Szostak, J.W., and Blackburn, E.H. (1984). DNA 
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8.	Greider, C.W., and Blackburn, E.H. (1985). Identification of a 
specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. 
Cell 43, 405-413.
9.	Greider, C.W., and Blackburn, E.H. (1987). The telomere 
terminal transferase of Tetrahymena is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with 
two kinds of primer specificity. Cell 51, 887-898.
10.	Greider, C.W., and Blackburn, E.H. (2004). Tracking telomerase. 
Cell 116, S83-86, 81 p following S86.
11.	Greider, C.W., and Blackburn, E.H. (1989). A telomeric 
sequence in the RNA of Tetrahymena telomerase required for telomere 
repeat synthesis. Nature 337, 331-337.
12.	Singer, M.S., and Gottschling, D.E. (1994). TLC1: template RNA 
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14.	Lundblad, V., and Szostak, J.W. (1989). A mutant with a defect 
in telomere elongation leads to senescence in yeast. Cell 57, 633-643.
15.	Lundblad, V., and Blackburn, E.H. (1990). RNA-dependent 
polymerase motifs in EST1: tentative identification of a protein 
component of an essential yeast telomerase. Cell 60, 529-530.
16.	Lin, J.J., and Zakian, V.A. (1995). An in vitro assay for 
Saccharomyces telomerase requires EST1. Cell 81, 1127-1135.
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from Euplotes aediculatus: requirement of a primer 3' overhang. Proc 
Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, 10712-10717.
18.	Lendvay, T.S., Morris, D.K., Sah, J., Balasubramanian, B., and 
Lundblad, V. (1996). Senescence mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
with a defect in telomere replication identify three additional EST 
genes. Genetics 144, 1399-1412.
19.	Lingner, J., Hughes, T.R., Shevchenko, A., Mann, M., Lundblad, 
V., and Cech, T.R. (1997). Reverse transcriptase motifs in the 
catalytic subunit of telomerase. Science 276, 561-567.
20.	Counter, C.M., Meyerson, M., Eaton, E.N., and Weinberg, R.A. 
(1997). The catalytic subunit of yeast telomerase. Proceedings of the 
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9202-9207.
21.	Meyerson, M., Counter, C.M., Eaton, E.N., Ellisen, L.W., 
Steiner, P., Caddle, S.D., Ziaugra, L., Beijersbergen, R.L., Davidoff, 
M.J., Liu, Q., et al. (1997). hEST2, the putative human telomerase 
catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during 
immortalization. Cell 90, 785-795.
22.	Weinrich, S.L., Pruzan, R., Ma, L., Ouellette, M., Tesmer, V.M., 
Holt, S.E., Bodnar, A.G., Lichtsteiner, S., Kim, N.W., Trager, J.B., 
et al. (1997). Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template 
RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT. Nature 
genetics 17, 498-502.
23.	Kass-Eisler, A., and Greider, C.W. (2000). Recombination in 
telomere-length maintenance. Trends in biochemical sciences 25, 200-204.
24.	Sadaie, M., Naito, T., and Ishikawa, F. (2003). Stable 
inheritance of telomere chromatin structure and function in the 
absence of telomeric repeats. Genes & development 17, 2271-2282.
25.	Biessmann, H., and Mason, J.M. (2003). Telomerase-independent 
mechanisms of telomere elongation. Cell Mol Life Sci 60, 2325-2333.
26.	King, A.J., Teertstra, W.R., and van der Vliet, P.C. (1997). 
Dissociation of the protein primer and DNA polymerase after initiation 
of adenovirus DNA replication. The Journal of biological chemistry 272, 
24617-24623.
27.	Litvak, S., Sarih-Cottin, L., Fournier, M., Andreola, M., and 
Tarrago-Litvak, L. (1994). Priming of HIV replication by tRNA(Lys3): 
role of reverse transcriptase. Trends in biochemical sciences 19, 
114-118.

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1.          [070] Wu Guoxiong, Chen Biao, and Wu Zheng-Xian: Moist 
and dry Eliassen-Palm cross sections in different wave bands and 
residual circulation. Frontiers in Atmospheric Sciences. Allerton 
Press Inc., 1993: 115-131. 
2.          [027] , ±룬ͬеĸʪE-P. 
ѧؿ1988: 94-106. 
3.          [092] Wu GuoxiongCai Y.-P.Tang X.-J., Modulation 
between atmospheric thermal and mechanical foring and simulation of 
mean meridional circulation, Acta Meleorological Sinica, 1995, 
9******** 
4.          [078] ۡƼǿȺͶǿȵĵ估ƽ
Ȧķģ⡣ѧ1994, 52:138-148.
5.          [077] Wu Guoxiong and CAI Yaping, Modulation of 
atmospheric thermal and mechanical forcings and numerical modeling of 
mean meridional circulation. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 1993,7:412-422. 

6.          [021] Wu Guoxiong, and Cubalsh, The impact of El Nino 
SST anomaly on mean meridional circulation and transfer properties of 
the atmosphere. Scientia Sinica, 1987, 30:533-545. 
7.          [013] Wu Guoxiong, and Cubalsh, U., El Nino 쳣
γƽȦӰ졣йѧ198610:1109-1120.
8.          [007] Wu Guoxiong, and Cubalsh, U., The impact of the 
El Nino anomaly on the mean meridional circulation as simulated by a 
high resolution model. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 1985, No. 105:1- 25. 

9.          [020] , and Tibaldi, S., Effects of mechanical 
forcing on the mean meridional circulation and transfer properties of 
the atmosphere. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 1987, 4:24-42. 
10.       [014] Wu Guoxiong, The effects of mechanical forcing on 
the mean meridional circulation of the atmosphere. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 
1986, No.112:1-42pp. 

11.       [116] Ҷ۱ࣺVariability of the Climate System. 
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1997, 55(1-4): 228pp.
12.       [107] Ye Du-Zheng, and Wu Guoxiong: Valiability of the 
Climate System. Theor. Appl. Climatology. Springer-Verlag Wien. 1996: 
228 pp. 

13.       [222] Zhang Tao, Wu Guoxiong and Guoyifu, 2003: Energy 
budget bias in global coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system model. Acta 
Meteor. Sinica, 17(3), 287-306. 
14.       [198] 躡ۡԣ,2002½ȫģʽ
֧ѧ, 60(3)278-288 

15.       [221] Mao Jiangyu, Wu Guoxiong and Liu Yimin, 2003: 
Study on the variation in the configuration of subtropical anticyclone 
and its mechanism during seasonal transition-Part I: Climatological 
features of subtropical high structure. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 17(3), 
274-286. 
16.       [204] ëۡả2002תڼ丱ȴ
ѹ̬켰ƵоI: ȴѹѧѧ, 
60(4)400-408

17.       [184] Sun Lan, Wu Guxiong: Influence of land 
evapotranspiration on climate. Science in China (D), 2001, 44(9): 
838-846. (SCI) 
18.       [181] ᰡۣ½ɢ仯Ӱ졣йѧ
200131159-69(SCI) 

19.       [179] Sun Lan, Wu Guoxiong, Sun Shufen: Numerical 
simulations of land surface processes on climate- implementating of 
SsiB in IAP/LASG AGCM and its performance. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 2001, 
15(2), 160-177. 
20.       [160] ᰡۡķң½̶Ӱֵģ
SSiBIAP/LASG L9R15 AGCMϼģʽܡѧ, 2000, 58(2): 
179-193. 

21.       [178] Liu Xin, Wu Guoxiong, Li Weiping , and Liu Yimin, 
Thermal adaptation of the large-scale circulation to the summer 
heating over the Tibetan Plateau, Progress in Natural Science, 2001, 
Vol.11, No.3, 207-214. (SCI) 
22.       [177] ¡ۡΰƽảļظԭȺʹ
߶ӦȻѧչ, 2001, 11(1): 33-39 

23.       [173] WANG Dongxiao, WU Guoxiong, ZHU Jiang, LAN Jian, 
Analysis on observing optimization for the wind-driven circulation by 
an adjoint approach, Science in China,Ser.D, 2000, Vol. 43 No. 3, 
243-252 
24.       [155] ۣ콭۲Ż
йѧD2000 30197-106

25.       [161] Meng Wen and Wu Guoxiong: Gearing between the 
Indo-Monsoon circulation/Pacific-Walker circulation and ENSO, Part II: 
Simulation. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 2000, 23(4), 326-336. 
26.       [157] , ۣӡ̫ƽϵͳĳ
ʽϺENSO¼II.ֵģ. ѧ2000, 24(1): 15-25. 

27.       [150] Wang Dongxiao, Wu Guoxiong, Xu Jianjun, 
Interdecadal Variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean and its Dynamic 
Explanation, Chinese Science Bulletin, 1999, 44171620-1626 
28.       [140] ۣ콨ȴӡʺʼ
䶯ѧ. ѧͨ44111226-1232. 

29.       [121] Wang Xiaochun and Wu Guoxiong, The analysis of the 
relationship between the spatial modes of summer precipitation 
anomalies over China and the general circulation, Chinese J. Atmos. 
Sci., 1997, 21(2): 133-142. 
30.       [115] ۣйļˮ쳣ռģ븱ȴѹ
Ĺϵ. ѧ1997, 21(2): 161-169. 

31.       [120] Wang Jingfang and Wu Guoxiong, Evolution and 
characteristics of the persistent cold summer in Northeast China, 
Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 1997, 21(3): 295-305. 
32.       [113] , , Զĵı仯ɼ. 
ѧ, 1997, 21(5): 23-532

33.       [102] Wu Guoxiong, CAI Ya-Ping, and TANG Xiao-jing, 
Conservation of moist potential vorticity and down-sliding slantwise 
vorticity development. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 1996, 10(4): 399-418. 
34.       [088] , Ƽݼʪλкбжȷչ. 
ѧ1995, 53: 387-405. 

35.       [091] Wu Guoxiong,Liu H., Chen F., Zhao Y.-C.,and Lu Y., 
Wave-meanflow interaction and formation of blocking- persistent 
anomalous weather in China in the summer of 1980. Acta Meteorological 
Sinica, 1995, 9(2):215-227. 
36.       [079] ۡԡ·ɡΡ¬Өʱжͺ
ѹγ - 1980ļҹԱ. ѧ1994, 52:308-320. 

37.       [064] Zou Xiaolei, Wu Guoxiong, and Ye Duzheng, Analyses 
of the dynamic effects on winter circulation of the two main mountains 
in the northern hemisphere. II. Vertical propagation of planetary waves. 
Acta Meteorologica Sinica. 1992, 6(4):408-420. 
38.       [056] ١ۡҶζ
Ķ. II, ǲĴֱ.ѧ, 199149257-268. 

39.       [063] Zou Xiaolei, Ye Duzheng, and Wu Guoxiong, Analyses 
of the dynamic effects on winter circulation of the two main mountains 
in the northern hemisphere. I. Relationship among general circulation, 
teleconnection and stationary waves. Acta Meteorologica Sinica. 1992, 
6(4):395-407. 
40.       [055] ١Ҷۣζ
Ķ. I., ң, Ͷϵ. ѧ, 199149129-140.

41.       [053] Wu Guoxiong, Dong B.-W., Dynamical features of 
atmospheric equilibration. Part II, Mechanisms of atmospheric 
oscillation and attraction of steady equilibrium. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. 
1990, 14:377-388. 
42.       [047] , ģƽ̬Ķ. II. 
ȶƽ̬. ѧ, 1990, 14:385-394. 

43.       [052] Wu Guoxiong, Dong B.-W., Dynamical features of 
atmospheric equilibration. Part I, Co-surface and non-cosurface 
characters of multiple equilibria. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. 1990, 
14:267-280. 
44.       [046] , ģƽ̬Ķ. I.ƽ
̬Ĺͷǹ. ѧ, 1990, 14, 267-276.

45.       [051] Wu Guoxiong, Chen Biao, Temporal and spatial 
variations of kinematic features of stationary wave propagation in the 
atmosphere. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1990, 48(1):34-45. 
46.       [044] ۡ±롢ͣ˶ʱ
ձ仯. ѧ1990, 48(1):34-45. 

47.       [050] Wu Guoxiong, Chen Biao, Annual variation of E-P 
cross-section and tropospheric westerly acceleration. Scientia Sinica, 
1990, 7:775-784. 
48.       [043] ۡ͡±룬E-P 仯Ͷ
. йѧB1990, 7:775-784.

49.       [049] Wu Guoxiong, Chen Biao, Non-acceleration theorem 
in primitive equation system. II. Variation of zonal mean temperature. 
Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 1990, 14(2):153-167. 
50.       [042] , ±, ԭʼϵͳе޼ٶ. II. γ
ƽ¶ȵı仯. ѧ, 1990, 14(2):143-154

51.       [048] Wu Guoxiong, The impact of atmospheric water vapor 
transport and its budget on subtropical drought. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 
1990, 14:63-75. 
52.       [039] , ˮ֧ԸȴɺӰ. 
ѧ, 1990, 14:53-63.

53.       [032] Wu Guoxiong, Designation and application of a long 
wave spherical model. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 1988, 43(2): 132-144. 
54.       [029] , 泤ģʽƺӦ. ѧ. 1988, 
46:142-153. 

55.       [031] Wu Guoxiong, Roles of the mean meridional 
circulation on atmospheric budgets of angular momentum and sensible 
heat. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 1988, 12:11-24. 
56.       [025] ۡStefano TibaldiƽȦڴǶ
͸֧е. ѧ1988,12:6-17. 

57.       [030] Wu Guoxiong, Stefano Tibaldi, A scheme for 
evaluating the mean meridional circulation of the atmosphere. Scientia 
Sinica, 1988, 31:1235-1244. 
58.       [028] ۡStefano TibaldiڴƽȦһ
ּ㷽. йѧ1988, 4:442-450. 

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ļǧĹһЩųƾӢĿڴ󣬹
˰ĴѧκԺʿΪѡԺʿ
漯żȫȫ֧֣þּԾٱ
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(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ϺѧֵϺίĿ(07ZS22)ѷƪƪ

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(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ͬŸҪӴ

ߣ

żڶ̼ϣһͬųϮɫ

1:ЯʽǷֹͶ̼

:ʺ1, ˵1, ź鴺2

(1.  ݴѧǽѧԺ, 㶫ݡ510925; 2. ݴѧ֯װѧԺ, 
㶫ݡ510925)

־:ֵӿƼѧѧ27 1 ڣ ո: 2006- 
11- 28

߽:ʺ(1976-) , , Ž, ʦ, ˶ʿо, Ҫ
ΪƬϵͳƣ


2:ЯʽǷֹͶ̼о

ߣ

(ݴѧǽѧԺϢϵ, 510925)

߼: ( 1972- ) , ݴѧǽѧԺ񴦸, ڶ˶ʿ, 
о: ƬӦ

־㶫ʦѧԺѧ 2008 3

2Ŀ֣ժҪд⣬ಿּһֲϲ
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һɡ

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ŵ߸￵ļ

ߣɽʯ

Ϣ˿ѧҸ￻ŵйҪ
վϵıһⶼģ

ŵ1996굱ѡйѧԺ⼮Ժʿ 1006
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֪ǸˡǰǱŵ˵ʱ
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ڱɻ˿ѧңΪΪйˣڸѧ
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ƵʵΪǵȻΪ˸еǱϾ
ģǻҪ˼Ϊʲôʮˣʮ˾ͳһŵߣ

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ͻŵǵЩݹϵ

ߣ
2009-10-07

5452009ŵѧʼҿѧԺ˿
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οһѧ״ֱӹϵһ֮ǹǰ
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ϵᳫ֮ѧ֮Ҳʱһλѧ߳
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(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ԺʿĹйӢ

ߣ

һλ˾صĳߣĹ˵ȷƶϢ
Ḷ̌2009ŵѧҲʵ顣񽱺Ӣ
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ԺʿҹڵظŻվֻ˵˸˷ֻѧ͸Ϊ
пԺ⼮Ժʿ˵й⡣ô? 

ȫ᳣ίԱڡл񹲺͹
ʵʩļĽͣл񹲺͹ڸ۰бͨ
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ڵһʱۿҳºֱֳע⵽ᵽй
ĴѧʱҳûеýߵƬ֮¾רChina and 
United Kingdom£  

Charles K. Kao, 1/2 of the prizeChina and United Kingdom
Standard Telecommunication Laboratories Harlow, United Kingdom; 
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
b. 1933 (in Shanghai, China)
"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of 
light in fibers for optical communication"

ûChina and United KingdomΪʲô?

ע⵽ŵٷվһרŵ˵
Titles, data and places given above refer to the time of the 
award.
ȫԽŵˣҪ񽱵λ񽱹ҡ
ڸԺʿĴѧĴѧһ񽱵λˡŵ
ίԱ϶˵йҲһ񽱹ңйƼ˵¸һ
ֵֿʹ

֪ԺʿŵίԱΪʲôᵽ
?δֻᵽɹĹڻһ? ô? 

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ʲôǡȾɫȻ

ߣĦ
http://www.immusoul.com/

ŵҽѧ䲼ѺЩŻվ׷ڵһʱת
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ҲŹЩŻվԭǶ

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

Ҳ̸ѧֱмӷҲĻ֡ʦѧҲѧ١

ߣHenry

һ걣ʱôԴУʵ޷͵Ҹ
ݾѡڹΧ֮ʲô鶼޿ɺǵģĵΥȡ
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١һЩҾùͷˡԱ񵱰ɲ֪ɲ
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(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ǲ鴦ʡ2009׵ʱ

ߣytd

2009ȫѧɼһʡ֣۽һƬ
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

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

̽Ľʦʸ񡪡־ָ

ߣ޼

ǰʱ˱ѧԺ̽Ľʸ⣬־
ΪԲ̽Ŀ¼ѧУΪʦѡ۶Ͽʧƫ
ˡ

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ָ֮

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ٴſSCIENCEµûƾ֤걾

ߣΪ

˰ݶˡﰮߡXYS20090917SCIENCEƾ֤
걾ŪشɡһģͬСſĻظ (XYS20090918)
Ȼ޷ش𡰶ﰮߡһϵʵɣ絽׻˶걾
Щƾ֤걾ƾ֤걾ţƾ֤걾Ŀǰźδβ֤ʵ
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ˣ

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

·ͨ⡰˫äٴ顱

    ߣ¿ķ굶

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ĿԾԽ󡱣ǶԵģ·ѳơҲпܡһƻǺ
ġĿԽСƻЩĻͲˣƻ
ЩһƻɶǺõģֿԵȻǴ
ģֿԻƻ٣ҲųӶ
٣Ϊԭ鶼ǺƻĴԽ࣬һƻǺõġ
ĿԾԽ

    ǷԵĴСͬĸһƻǷǺõģ
͸ϵһ˿ƵĴһѾǸȷ¼ˣڲ
ϢĹ۲˵һƻһƻǺõġĿ
ԾͱһЩʵкܶƻʵ޹ء

(XYS20091007)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ˮԴҹųŵı

ߣˮ

922գйϯϹ仯֣صıʾй
һӦ仯뾭ᷢչ滮չԴͺܣ
ȡ2020ǻʯԴռһԴѱشﵽ15ҡҹһŵ
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ˮԴȴˮܽΪҹмųŵҪϡ

ΪʲôҪͻʯԴıأ
֪ڵճȽе̼ѭУɭֵĸʻԿеĶ
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̼ˣоɭǵ̼ѭо޴̼㡣ɭֵĸʶԵ
̼ŨнϴӰ졣Ȼܵ˿ͶصӰ죬
ȫɭָʵĴ߼ûпܵġͬʱҲ໷ʶ
ߺͶɭõӣȻȫľֲɭָʿܻ٣
ǣı仯ķҲ̫󣬲Թɶ̼ѭľ޴в
ǰԶʱûлʹãжֲ֮
նڵ£γڴڵؿеú̿ʯ͡
ݱ䣬³̼Ԫأú̿ʯͣԽԽֱ࣬Ӳճѭ
̼ԪرԽԽ١ŵеĶ̼Ũ𽥼٣Ҳ
γ˽Ӧˮƽ
Ĺҵ֮ǰǻûģĿú̿ʯ͡ˣ
Ե̼ѭӰǼ޵ġǣѧ˿ú̿
ʯЩﻯʯԴִ֮Դľ޴󣬵´ĻʯԴ
ȼաȼղϲ̼壬ʹԭڵµ̼Ԫ
أıͷŵȥĿǰԴĿɡٶȣûһ
ﻯʯԴܹʹ200ꡣҲ˵⼸ʱ
ڣǼҪɳڵµȫʯԴͷų
ڵµľ󲿷ֵ̼Ԫء
ѧ־һƪо棺ཫеĿ
Դľж̼ĺӵ3ǰʱ2000ppmˮƽ
˵ٵġͷڵµĻʯԴǵŷ
ıڡʹõڽ϶̵ʱڣѸٻָǰĴɷ֡
ˮƽܵ±ɽڻ쳣ؽûںƽ֮µѡ

ҹԴʯԴֻˮ
Դ־ֳŹָǻʯԴһԴеıҪ
15%Ļʵһܸߵָꡣ2008йǻʯԴһ
ԴṹеıؽΪϰ꣬йͶװԴ
11.Gwռȫ33.45%ǣҹĿǰʯԴı
ߣʹĿǰƷչȥҹʵŵļĿꡣˣ
ҹӿ쿪ˮ硢˵ԼǻʯԴ
ݹձ龭ĿǰܹģʯԴֻˮ
ܺͺܡҹˮԴһ˿ƶԴ״˵
ˮܵҪԶԶܷ硣Ŀǰҹѽ11˵練Ӧѣ
װ9.1Gwڽ˵24̨װ25.4GwϺ˵ڽ
ģĹҡԤƵ2020꣬й˵װﵽ75Gwʱҹĺ
пܴﵽ4500ڶȡȻܷĿ֣2008
ˮķ5633ȻнϴĲࡣȻܵԴ
ԾޣҹȵʯԴҪ·ֻڼٿˮ
ԴĿá

Լҹˮ翪λ
ҹˮԴԼΪ6ǧʱɿΪ2.47ڣÿ
Ϊ1.75ڡۺϳԭúҹˮ̲Լ൱ÿ30ڶ
ԭúɿԼΪ13ڶԭúÿɿӽ9ڶԭú
Щˮ̲һǧµСˮԴĿǰҹѾ
õõˮܻ3ڶ/ÿꡣó̶ԼΪÿɿ32%
ɿ23%ҹˮܿõıҪȷҵ͵öࡣˮ
ó̶Ⱥҹľ÷չ׶εľ޴࣬ҹľ÷չò
ú̿ʹǽڹ񾭼òֵܸߵ£Ѿͷ
ŵĶ̼ŷŹǹҲܴﵽĿǰⷢձ70%90%
ˮöȣҹˮԴÿӦṩ൱912ڶú̿
Դ
ȻҹˮײһǿԴĳ
ȫ仯ӰӾ磬ѿˮΪӦ仯
ʵֿɳչĹͬѡĿǰˮȫԼ20%ĵ
55һϵĵˮṩ24һس90%
ǣҹϻһЩ˻֯ͨߡýķʽ
ڱֽϹıνҹˮ翪Ѿ40%ʾߣ̬
ĻԡƭѾصۣĳֳ
ԻǵһЩ쵼߲ţص谭ҹˮ罨衣ˮ
类ħ֮һЩˮԴḻľ÷չȻܵԼˮ罨
ҲʮֱգȫγһԼˮ緢չĶ
ѭ
Զ׼ܵԴ޺ͷܡ̫ܵļвԼɱ
ߵȿ͹ȣԼҹˮ緢չҪΪġ
λˮԴḻĹңˮܿӦõıȴԶԶ
һķҡԴڱװ׵˷ѡڣǶȫ
ĳŵʹǲòӺͷ˼һ⡣
ҹɹϿľ飬Ӧóǵƶƺִ
ֻҪǵʶλõҹḻˮԴһܷ
޴áǶԹŵׯϳŵһܹʵ֡

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