                           ˿µϣ20090915գ

09.09.14ûи
09.09.15, ˿20099º
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Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

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ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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Σһ߼˵й֮ȱǡʧɡ
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ࡣ˿ЦáҲ˵ΪʦǷڽ̾񣬼ר
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Ϊʲôֹأ

ҿԭҪ㣺һͳߵġ۷񵳵
򵹵۹塱һлԴȫƸ۹塱֮
֮֮Լ͸ɾˡ־ûѪˣȻǡʧ䡱⣻
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ʶٳʶ ʺܵĹƻԣӶäĿ
У˶Ծо֣̽ȻҲǡʧ䡱⡣

۹塱һë͢˵úãһеΪģ
ϵ嶼ԼΣĻ͡Ŵˣ
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Ϊͳߺ֪ʶײѹȣһСҲ͸
塢׷桢˼άרϵ飬˷յ
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ҷʡ֮νµһɵͶεĵСչɵͼĵԣ
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ǵһԪһǣҲ˵ǳΣҪ˶ึġɵǮǽ
ʡʷϾβأӦñڡű˲ŶԡʵҲֻһԪ
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ϸҪųһ亹ԭʮǰй涨ҵרӪ
ҲܿӪݵСֻݱصҵ˾
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˵Ϊõһ졣ŵ֪ܵµѼȫ
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ĳţĸеɴȴԽԽĬĬע˶ȫҵ飬ԶŮ


׵һʫ

ֻʫһλˣԶԵƣˡ
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ڳʤУνϣڷϪȻ
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ҲֻڵӰлԿһˡ
ǽ͵ģȻ𱬣ʵ̫ԶƭƭǿԵģ
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⵱ȻƵźź֮⣬ȴҲʧǾҹ䣬
ȥɽϪտӼӼߣҲʢʱڣھꡢ
֮ʣǱѨʯ֮ϣЪȪˮ֮۵
ɽ裬һգʹزˡʱһϿԴʮ
˽ڶõȥʱⶫֵǮȲһʮ
ԪԸĻǻؼҺʱɱŪ۵⣬Ҷ
£ϾƣϵرгҪ֪֮Ȱˡ



ҲһȡϵǺһˡ

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;ȴֹڴˡƽƽõҪҪ˵
Ҳշ͹๫๫
̫桢һȵȵȵȡ֮ϵ
˵飬ͳͳϡΪʲôҪҲ
סǵСѧʱʦ湲ǰǡ¥¥£Ƶ绰
漴ѧʣûˣôѽνǷ
գؼҳԷʦ˵̫̫ҲӦϲĵ
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Ըıˡ

ǹҪÿյ֮ࡣһ϶ġ϶ٿ
Զĵ壬޷Ů٣һ˿֣ǰգ۹һ
ֻԲԲĵͱˡ϶ˣһ϶ٵҲ֪ǰ
Ǳᡣдϸ֣֮ϸ߳ƵǹƷֽӰгֵ
֣ɽӹò𣬶ձʹü򵥴ַŵģСǡ
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̨֣һСģһܲƬɡһʱģ
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ͷǰͷȲ֡·ڡéӵȴȫϡǿǵ
ˣʱҲ֪˹ʥڡϲڶԴ
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Ǣúأ

˵ųȻʮơƽƽСֲ
ʵִֵĵ⼼Խװͨ巢Ȼ
ƻ򡣶ȵޡֵУһ׳
ڴ֮ϣ޺Ƶӳ£ȴһ黺ƶĳ̿ۻ
ͣƽƽͼأ

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ɽɽתˮˮɡ󶼵ӵǲ֮ǵ
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Ҳˡ±ϣһһƣİзأν˶

һ֧һյƽƽϼϣǺܶܶأ



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ҼһһյΦƣүүùġΦƵı洬õģ
·꣬ȵ֪öٱΪүүãΪǰϷģ
ҹǾ¡ȻҼΦƾҲûʹˣڴû
мܽеó֡

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ƽƽ˵ʶ֯Ӳǰ󲻷ӿ
Ѱ϶ȴ·żҹ˯ɾҪԿͷ
ˡԣҽʱʡȻĸײͬ⣬˵ǶȻÿ
ȴáҿƣա׶ˣͣڲɫ
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ˣ漴һɽζֱǻÿζ10ֻ
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ҳΪʱӰѾϡˡǵϡӰ𣿲ǵġ
ǲְˣȻǰȥǵһҲȥС
Ķ֮УС룻Һһͬ磬ҵ
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˵ĻȻԡĵӰҲױ˼ЦΪ
šǱ㲻ϰݣ׷ȥ˶䣬֮ǷǱŶԷĲɡ

һֳʽͲ״Щ󡶺Ƽǡ֡
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Ƶͷ֪ġȻˣֺαضѱīֻ𼸶С
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ˮֻ̧ش塣վˮբһСɽŹ
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ձΪˮբһƾ˶ᡣ˵ڴӰ£
ҪĻ̫ߣ̫˻ͷ˺ôԱ֪ȱĻˣ
硣ԹˮբˮֻԺ󣬾ͽˮƵܵͺܵ͡
ˮֻתúȫϵͺܸߺܸߡͿ԰Ļؼ˯
Ǳ˴˿ˣҲ˿ˣ˴ҰãҲҰáأȻ
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ֻڱ滹Ц

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ӡ֮£˾ͽݻ˰֧⣬Ҳѵġ
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Ӹɲ˵кѣֻҪ°磨صĵ磩С

˾úеΪ°ǹҰģҰܹб֤

ǣ°ˣСˮվֹͣתˡ

ɿС治ס̧ˮΪɳĴִһǧ
·ǹ·ǿС̳Ͽ˰ģ
һɽҡضˣǧصȫѹںļ˼ϣˣͻȻ
䵽ǰ漸˵ļˡһת䣬32ֻûмֻɽϡ֮
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˲ںʲôߣֻ˵˸ֵΪƣҪ
жҪþжã˵жôˬֻſڰװ˵
ˡ˲ս˿ֵתʵ̫ˣѻ
Ϊ˽Լﶼ·ժˡԣ֧һ㲻ˣ40֧ҲҪ
ɣ֧˻ˣ֧⣳֧ӫƣװ׵ľһ֧򣬵
תúˡ

2006.8.28


Ů֡
      
                             ʯΡ


ԴɷĻȥʼûٽ飬ݼһŮ
СѧˡĸŮమǳҸһŰ꣬ҵ޼˥
֢Ҳ𽥺תҾ̿ѧѧԺڲҵ䵽
ʦҽֵĵһӣҵģĪΰɡ
ӷԺⱾڣģǧô˽¼
޳֮ȣ˷ָڼˣ࣬һֻƤ
ʹţһֻװɭɭۡҴս
Ż£ͷΣæ߳ȥûϳңҶԿֲ
Ļ䣬̹İʹ䰡

һ꣬ҽĸ£ɷȻúжŶʮ꣬
ҵĶ顣ԵССͻ˥֢ͷļ£
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ҸеĪĿͿ־壬ȻܿңܵңԶһط
ұѹֻϣԼСһ㣬

ҶɷĻʱ̲ͷҲˡҳݵĴ
ˣͬһҹദʱ⡣ӲμӹʼҾڳﵱ
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Ů߳ܣִֵ󰮣еأֻ֪

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¼ѣһȺëѩ׵ּȽŲ㣬ҵͷ΢Ц
Բ߽СȥˡС˵ʮңϡɡ

ұһ죬ۼˣ˰¾ӴϡɷҰ˹ȣ
񾭸ҹʧߣƵΣļ¡ĬĬ߶ɷ֣
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ӴڣǿҵĹߴ̼ҵ񾭣ţ˼άƣǰ
þӨӨˮ߰赸Ϸ̣վ
ڷ߳ԥƿСš

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˵˶ϱĤţһ۱ܿˮģ
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ֻϵСѧ꼶㱬ĻѧУͣΣС
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ĸɷ֣췴֯ɨسţӷ
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վȨƵ£÷˳ˮ켫һʱƤﳧί᲻ѲίԱ
СδǸ߸ӵܣӰżȻʶһ飬罺ᣬ
үԼôһλɾ˵Ļǽԣ
Υãǰ˳ˮСӲòڣ
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СδĻо飬ϾҪִСƴ
վ跨֣ҽһʿΪ˴ﵽĿģ
Ըţʹ

ҹˣ·ϳ˵аյļҿҲ
С֪ƣŮ˽ܵ强ãˣȻеҪ
뿪㵽徻ĵط񾭽ŵĵõϢҲС
̻㯵̬ǰ֡ǣ˵˯ˣ컹Ҫ
ࡣʱⷢСͷĲѹһСƬͬ
ǰڣǣĿСŲעСƬ
̬Ц˵ʮʱƬϴӡţֻʣһˡƬ
ܳϣҪϲͰ͸ˡժ۾ͷ
ңȱȣ˰ɣҺҴúãˣ˯ɡ
ԼУȻڴϣ˼ּ״̬ڵ
㣬ͷ̤

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óռǱСƬ棬ʱЩݣһ
裬۾ݷɬЦƣһִӵСҵɷǰ
ƬΪʥߡҺɷԺҲǳ䰮Ƭ
׳Ե֣ʹһ

쳣ҹˮλðıɴ¶𹳣
ҹաͻȻԼҵ棬˷ܵ÷衣ڴ֮ǰ꣬ʼû
ұ׹顣ҳõذԹҸд飬Լ
Ӱ乫԰ݳԷһĬĬֻܾʱĵƷ
ԣЦЦͷһؼȻȥΪʲôҵİ
飬̽һƬأǸҹʹ¶ĵ
ءʶһŮĲ̯裬һöӲҾ
ˡ߳Զ׷϶ԭŮܵ
Ųȣ趼ʪ͸ˡ߬һǮҸģһǮһ
ǮҸ֪ôаʵСòһǻϧ
飬Ӵˣ̯Ȳ裬Сʶ̸˵أȡ
黨ǣӱǺ«ȻһԣСﲻ
ԸԶʳʮ̬꣬ȴ緢ƾɵ¹ӽס
ءʱʮ꣬ഺʢס㯶嶯˶ﱾܣ
ӱΪҰԵԲ߻ʹСɽҰ档
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۩ȴûߵ˼˵ʹŮӿҲų̂òһ̨
ŮˡĻһըףʹҼεʶѾҵ
ŮˣģǸϿߵӴ˲Ŀʯϳ
֡ﻹüʲ˵ȥҵ֣;
ȴͻȻҵظҴһæȴϵľƲһءһ
¥ң࣬쵰һҲûзŹҵ˼
ҵֻöⳡ˺ôЦ
֪ϸ˻ǵһԡˡҲû뵽ᷢչ
ֵزҾԼҪˡʱһӳҵǰе
ȵס۩Ϯҵ֣۩缱æ죬·ǳʹ
ӡǹ˵¥ǺȾģҪɨ˱˵ˣλΪȻ
ǻǶ˵ģĿȴ۩硣۩Դ֣겻ѡ
ǰĹƺĴɼɣȻˣȴҲֵֻˡ
ң˵̨쿴ЩѣؼЪϢȥɡ˵ţ
ȴҵļͷزɨȥֻһҵģ
ֻٰڶңζ˵ܡһ˲䣬Ҿʹ
վԭأࡣʱǹˡӴˣҼסǹӣ
;ƵС˵죬дһֺôʣһԸŹֵˡ

Ҳ֪ҵĳ̼ðյķ׽ˣ˿ҵŮ
а۩磬죬Ǹпţ췢¾
Ƕҵľ档Ӵˣָֻǰڴǰƾįʧ
Ĳһҵ賤룬ҵһ¾Ҫȥ
ͷףֱ䣬Ժ뷨ĥ
ңֱɣֳɫ

ҵµʼˣҲ֪ܸҴʲôҸӵ
ڡŮˣʱһֻֻɶ֪꣬ǰһŻԻܲǰ
ȥԼڻŮ˵İ飬İ飬Ǳ۵İ飬
ġ

ʱȴ룬ҵעһĨ⣬˲ů
ҵȰ˵£ɴӦðᵽʯֵļס˼ıѾõһ
ԣҿİ˾ҵߣҿůĿŮ졢
ɼÿ糿ΪպΪҨˮΧ
Ŀ̤ʯֵʯȥϣ˲ˣ̺
ƣվڴǰȴĹÿӰʯϳʱҵı
ֹסô󣬼ʯϵ˶ҵ࣬
һصĸоҲ֪˵ҸʲôĶҶҸҪ
򵥣ֻһˣһԼİˣ˶ѡ
ôһ˲䣬ΪԼҸĶʹ

˶ˣһҲüįҰ
´ɨһ飬ǽˢˡڶ˻¯ߪ˼
ӡȻȥöıϴᵽһŨصԵζһֻ
ζͺζһζҰͷ棬˯
̲סɵĴϣԼ´ǰֵȴǺӵߵ
ΡЩʱҵòйʱίˮҲ
İһʱ˵ˮ

ûʲô¿ɸɵʱҾڴǰľ£ԶȥĴ
һĨļӰģʹƾͷʹ
оһҲûӰҵڣª
Ҳʫ⡣Һǰÿһ˵ĺͲ˵Ĵк
ǰ¶һ紵ǶӶֱۣ·
ػҿ˶ǰĿֽҵϵëѹĹ
æóһӵ¥£ңؽ˼
ʳ˵ˡ

ʱһ¥Ͷ˵֪ҵһж۾
ڴ죬˵ԺҲ裬Ҳ
˵ſЦ΢΢ͷ£˵˾䣬ЦңĻȴ
ôҲ˵ˡŰڿһ£˵
ߣոǿоڴ򻢵׳٣һҲ֮ˣһŮ
صˣҲǰĸݣ˵ҲǡԽ˵Խ
ף⣬˵ǰ÷˷һŮͲ֪Ӻζ
ǹ˽¡Ǽ⼸Ҫ̸ʣһǷ
ǰ˵ģϧһӵѧʣȴ޸֮ش
Աϲס̾Ϣ£ȴͻȻյǰ˵˵
˷һģ֪һҲһǵͨ졣˵
ݵú˵ˣ˵˶ģ
ǿ׳ˣиŮҲǺȻģ˵ͻȻң㼱ʲôҵ
ˣͷ̧ͷ˵ĿģӦûʲô˵
ʯϵûӵùҵ۾ģŮӵҲ˵ʲôϧ
ӹŮҵһ棬ø߸ߴֻòȣ
ǲԶˡʱҵѴӼƽں̵ܶʱڿ
£δһ£͸¶һϢ岢
һŮ޶õˣҲҪŮˡߣϧһ
ģòԶңȫԻţҵһӻ
ȻˡƺҲ͸ҵ£˵ӣϧҪ
ߵޤˡ˵˾䣬ҪЦСŮӣæһдǣؼ
ˡ

ȥһǸ˷ļԺȻһװĴ硣ҿЩŮ
˳ԾƣȻҲˣȻǳ
ˡҵҵһɹĵطҼæȥ
ϧ뿴ʲôӡʹŮһ׳Ů˸ҽ˵
ϧʱҲһûȥ⻹˵һֵӣһ
䶼磬һɱҸоҵһ
ҪЦȥˡϧ߹˵λ𣬹ӳ
úƯߺ˵žҵҶ˹ȥһ˵ô㣬
ӹ㿴һֻһͷĸ࣬˵¥
ȥϧվ¥ϲסƿڴҲľС
жٽﻹء

Ц߳˷ǳĺãҿһֻϲȵ
ŴҵǰɹѵҵĿ

쵽ʱɸҳһ˿ϣɫģس
һҳׯȥһΣЩϺõĳд̼ҵģ
Щȵ˿ֹһδȵġֻۣΪѳ
˸ˣΪһűġɸˡһҵװ
ٿְ죬ȥ߹£ҶԶ˵ȥݷģ
Ӧҡǵ߹£Ϻǲ뿴ˣֻ棬
·ޤһ硣ޤһĵطˮߵҡ
ҷƯһĴ«έʱ䡣ڲ
ޤݣҵһڻҲ𽥱ССֻ
һ˵Ӱ˵˺ܶ໰侭ݿ
񣬾ڴ򻢵£Һϲ˵ЩʱûһӢ
ţԵЩ˼·һЩɬĴкһ㡣е
˰ˮصسǣ˵лɩɩ
ЩĶ£һɩɩǡʱߵżҳׯ
ͽȥ˿Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһɫ
ģҵıҸˡҲҪһһܱ

ڣڷ֯ϣ鶯֯ҵδ
֯ĲΪһ·ҵϢͿʱϣʱ
ҵĴڡϣֻͣ֯۾һգҲգض
ҿ·͸ҵ£ҵһطȡ⣬һŲ
֪Ƕˡڼ䣬ҵĶҲӽŲ
жԶɢϢͿжĴڡ¥ȥţ
и˿İҿǰֱ׺һˣߣ
ϲЩȻŲӣҴоĲ
Ҳܵһּ飬һɿǵһô
ҵͷϡǻһСӵ·Ҳ˴
ʱý̰ıȡϵϢҸҵ࣬ȴ
һڳңᡣȻҵıŻˣЩŻ̵
ƿңҷʲô¡ʲô£֪ģͻȻ˹ȥ
Щһĵһеļ͵˵ǰ
޵±çֻ֪Ϲܣδչ˺øɩɩԺͺˣ۸
ˡҺ˵ͷϵǶ֯໥ëָ
Ƕ֯ʶ壬ֻ֪۴ƣ˺죬˵æΪױ
ĸǴɡ˵⻰ʱҵֻǰ໥һۣ
ˡʱ¥´ŵˡӽҲö
ˣ·һƤڵϹʱʣµĴϡ
ǸһȺŵϵĴ

＾ܼʯֶһƬƿ
ǸļڣЩݷ˴Сӿʼܳ
Ů˵һ㡣ڴǰˮӴ
ʯϵűס˵ʯ֡ϵҲⶼ
Ϊꡣ֪꼾Ψһ֪ΪŮˣҰϸ
˿಻㺣֯ҵδµĲ꣬
ʯϽˮ飬һʢĻҵˣ
ɷ˵ꡣʱͻȻ𵽣ȥʱûдߣ
æҳһֽɡ÷ȥ԰ԣҿ̤űˮɨµ
Сʱ㶣Ұֽɡݸ˳һ
ˮʪ·һ·ϣǶû˵֪öܶ࣬
ҲܿࡣеһɡԶĨȥķ羰ʹ
ҲܸоĵĲʯ֣ɡݸң֪⣬һ
˴ǰˡҵЩȻҲܿ֡

ڼ䣬һ£ϧ״ҵȥ֪
ԸŮù߳İ취вͨģ֪һЩΪ֪ܡ
죬ҵ˷ȷ˵ҪɧŶ塣Ϊʲôɧ
˵˭ǲҲ¿Ļ˵
Լ£ҪҵʧƾʲôɧͻȻ
˷ĸ˵ƾʲôĶñҵĺáһ߽һ
һˤڵϡ̤ס˵
ʧҵɣ㲻Ȱ棬ҾͰڲıɱ׷¶
Ű£ص˶֪˷ǸʲôĻɫ
ʱ˲㣬ٸҲ㣬͵Žɡɧ
ӵܿ˿˵֪ЩЦЦû˵
һ߶ϵĻҳӲݣһ˵ݣҪ
ˡ֪ѾˡϧӴʧܵһ
۩ݵĵطһνˣûнסһϰģ
˽ͨҪν˽ͨɽż淢ٸνɱ
ˮ䰴ڶʮһءţνŭɱϧһ˵ú
ҾͲ˵ˡ

ת۵ڡһĽգǲһʫ
˵仰ңֵ֪ܵǸߴһˡ϶
ֵܵᶼдˡڣһ
顣ʵϣҵԶ򵥵һҪӣһֲΪ֪
ܡأ˵ֻǾþͷʧˡ
ҾͱһĪţһֿ˵ʧ
ˣһҹΣﶼǶӰһ繵Ӱӣɵ
ȴȻȥҲ֪աʱҵʪ͸ˣҲ֪
ζζʲôֻǾýˣýһᷢʲôġ

ҰѲǲϣȻǰȴֵܵĹ
϶ǣʯֱɢζ֡
ΪγһĳⲻΪ಻꣬
ζ׷顣ʱÿ춼нգֽң
лĵƯˮϵֽ׻ʱһ羰
ʱǶƸеԸ񣬴дÿһ״޲Ƽ
йءҲ֪ԺǷΪҿΪʣûˣ
һƮȥҲֻһ»Ұ뷨ס
ңʹҵһȻҰ

ϣֵܶ˻ˣѾƲ˶ȻŹˡ
ЩԵرˣҲرáһϣҵı
ͼɵʲôһͨæҵʲôҲûɡģ
˵һ仰ҵע⡣˵ͺˣ˵ֱֱض
ҿҲ֪˵˼ֻǰͷͷҭţ˯ˡڣ
Ƕ˾ҵߣҲȫʯһƬžһ
۵ϣҲһϣƺᵽ˿ƮɢŵϢ
̾ơȲˣůڡһ˲䣬ҾˣҪĲ
Щ𣬿Щڱܼ򵥵ĶȴҪһӵȥ׷Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪һʱˣҼ
Ծơҿ壬һ˿ӵĹ⣬ΣҲоš
Ů˵˼¶֪ʲôҹɫڰҲһ
ܶ鶼ںڰ﷢ġֻʣҺͶ壬һֻһֻ
ˣȥ֪ڰһԻҵİȫСں
˾ƣҵĵҲһŮ˵ıܲԾ¶
ҲʱۿҲŲߣҵֲʱɨӣҵ·
ܻᱻĽŲסҽ˾Ƶʱס֣󣬹һ
˵֡˫ָµӣһŮģ
Ů˵ġ̲סϣҲ
ǾƾԵʣҲǶֿ¶ӵסҡһ˲䣬ҵ
ͻȻʧˣҵҸĿвȻҲˣ
һһ˵ж֤Լչʾĵ뷨ͷ
סңҿ۾ֳһӰı־
㯵顣ҾҵҷһͷĸʨҵȰ
ϵľƾɨڵϣ죬ҾȻûɾҪȫ
·ʱ򣬴Ӷⴵһ磬͵ش˸սһ
ƿң˫ֱסͷֳ޵ݵ顣ЩŬɶ
ܾˣҾһֻϷɵķݣͻȻʧȴ˶ͣ˰У
ԼܵþҪըˡһعͷͨҵţҼǵǰ
ס˵ģôῪˣǳʲô

Ǹҵİ¡һ㣬Ǹʩֵ˲˽⣬
ƾԼ˵һʮŮˣǲģֻԼ֪
ҾһʲôŮˣһΪʲôŮˡ

µ˻ûнһ죬ͻȻҵңůض˵
ÿɺãʲô˼˵ֻ˵ҽӻ֪
ڽթҡûв´ĻҲһ˵ͬĻ
ţţһ֪˺Զҵԭ򣬺հҼҵ
ࡣ˵ҲͬǮĻͻʯֵ˶֪
ҺͶ֮便ʲô󡣿֪ʵ֪ˣ
пԿó

¾ͱȽϼ򵥣ѹʯ֡
죬վ˺ܾãҵ˳Ԥе
ҰĽҵӲеҶ뿪Ҳã
֪ͻĻᣬ뿪˹ءټʱѶһѵ֪
ǾҵĹޡǺ󻰡

ĵڶˣҵӡ쳣һ˫ÿ
۾˫۾һ͵׵ĺӯеͲ
ɣһۣľͻˡҼסǴ˫۾ʼġһ֪
һĴˣһԸһˣֺˬ
ָҡһȣ۴ﶬǼĹߣ
Ҳı˸ߴңҲһ书ˡǮ
صһΪأĲƸ˺ƣһ
ŷƶ֮ġڽϣܿǮʩƶˡȢţ
ǰˣŽϧϧǸģŽⶼ
˵ġһ꣬ûв֪ģ
ƹлǾġ

ԴӶߺҵ뵽ȥСӦ˵ȹȥҪ
ƣҪҵ˵ġÿ죬ڼƵûˣһᵽҲԶǸ
ϵĻȥл񣬻һĻٿ
ȥеƺͷաһ죬ҸմʵĿ϶ȥԵ
һģˣǱңûзҡ
ԭأƺ˼ƺʲôû룬˭أҰȡ
ķϵҴܵĻҴûмˣôͻȻһ
ءҲҲŪ֦عͷҵ̲סһ¡
ҲϳңЦЦ˵ڼҹӽ쵽˲֪кι¡ҵһ죬
Ǵιʼû˼Ұæлʩ˸򸣣лǴεľ
Ԯ˼лҲ֪һԾҵģ
뿴ܲܰóƩ޷˸ʲôġ֪ģ
ͻȻ˵һ䣬ͦõġһۣҼæͷ
˵һ䣬վ±˿ҴҸˡ

һ׶ΣҵʱκһССİοʹʹᣬ
һƽ⣬ַŵˣǵĵһν
֪ʱҵ¸ˣֻǺ˶壬Ŵҵ
ȥڣȥˣֳҵߣʱҲ֪
ԼǻһʲôģֻǴ̲סǸ
ȥÿΣ춼һ̸ʫʡҲ˵Լ
ȥƺò۾ԸоҲ
صľ˵ҵͬ顣ﻹһЩ
ʱкȥһ仨ҵ˵
֦һްһƬҼĵһ죬Ҿ͸
һƯŮˣҲһƽŮˣõҸġ
ҵˣҵһУǵһ˵һ
ϣҶڻζЩĻһյƣǰ·ʹ
ȥ

ڼ䣬ҷһ£ˣλڼλλһ
ĻʵۣҲһŶյĻʵۣһɽ˵Ļʵۣ
Ůʦʦİֵ˶֪ںΪʵ۵ҫ
ǧŵ´ʺʦʦĿ֮Ĵ£γһɸ
ʫӽ֮磬ЩʶЩŮ˵ɵġһΣ֮
ʢǸʱȻҲ⣬Ȼ
˵Ļûһı顣ҿóһ
ˣԼԸںôƵûи
ıġһΡ˵سһһ䣬
Ȼָɣĵľ죬֪컹һ
Ļһιȥˡ

ɵأԸңҲұʾǿҵĸ飬Ҵ
ԿóһӲθˣҴӲΪḡ
һԼˣʵ룬׵Լ
һԼ˼ˣ˵һųңһ
徲ĵطı⣬˵Ƕҡ֪˵⻰붺
ҿģϲ˵ĺϲң˵ǿȥȡһ
顣涣Ҳû뵽ģϷ󾹻ġ
˵⻰ãͻȻʧˡ֪ȥˣ˵
İжܹ¾°ɣһΣյϷʼǶ
һ㡣ʱŮʧ˽ͨҪװӵģޤﲻ֪
˶ٹ»ҰοɣһҵĺӣǾԲ
ѵļġǲУĲУ˵һֱ
㣬ԭҪȥһµģɲʮͻˣΪʵ᲻㣬
ﾹȻᡣ

һ죬ڳԽŮ֮ĽޣڻԱϵǼС
ֽ⿪ҵ·ҵļ֮ϣҶеĺҶ־
ͿֻӳҡһǴŮ֮ʱд˾
ͬ飬ͷҵ˫䣬һֶ˵û뵽Щ
ôȹģҵҵĳҭˣҭ
ԹȥĸҲǶδ˲θеı¶

ƵƵСԼᣬҵһĸĦ
šһˣһ֪Ů˿ֵˣʹ֪
Ů֮Ľԭõ顣Ҳ֪ǲһŮˣ
Щ죬ҵĽľֹҲŻˡСҵŤҺ
﷢ĴϢʯֵĴСЩ죬ʯϿյĴʹ
Ƿ·һСҲ֪쳣ǲЩʲô
ʵϣϾ˼ҳвԲҲҵڣҵĽ
ҵĳ־ǰҲ¹ҡһ棬ҾͻЩ
;תɸΪҵĸ飬ʹȼգʹң

ǵ´ɺһҲûзӦֱ˺Ҳ֪
ĪһªˣһŶôġһ
飬ڴСʯƮš֪Ƕ
ҵˣҵһ𣬸Ӿֲҡֱڣʼ
Ǹ󻧵գױưҼ޸󣬾Ҫַ
Ͳס;ΪǧٵĵһΣҲ
ԵʣҶԴرãʲôģΪϴ£÷ÿ
ηǰٲ˸һơҲҵһ˯ǰ
˵˼仰˵֪䲻㣬Щ꣬ί
˵Եرģס죬ʹҭ˵
֪˼һȫǵģ뿪Ǹ˰ɣҸġ
˵ʱŴ̨ϵһֽҰͷͷĻƶǶ
Ҳס̣ӣʵʲôʲô֪ҽס
˶壬ǸӢˣǴɵֵܡҵˣ
סɣҲմˮԺĺܶ˴ɵĻû
߳һ֪ҵ˶塣

ˣǰûһס෴ǰϣԵرˣ
ʱЩ⣬˵ܾҪˣˡҰˣ
ߣ˵Ҳȼģкöûкúˣ
˵ƺ̾˿ϣ˵˺ܶ໰ǹͶġ˵
СʱģĸǶǺܽĺӣĸ׶
ˣֵܶΪڽˡʮֵ꣬ܶ·֣
һҶˣһʳָʾŹǣΪ˱ܣѶ
ѹӵ£ȫϡЩ˴ﳤȥȴԼ
վˡܵܿŰһĴҩΪˡЩͽ
̫أĽǺͽױˣǿȬȴҲˣͳ
ڵӡֵĸ飬ȻªҲ
뷨ҾҵһӸıˡźú
㣬úõعӡ̫ˣҼʲôûУʲôܸ㣬һ
Ķܸ㡣ʵЩ꣬һҲ㣬ֻ
ЩôίǶԲס㡣һоҪˣ϶
Ҫˣǵ·ܳĵ˵ЩΪǺˣ
ҰϴڱҭһᣬͻȻͷ˵һ
ˣȥȡ˵˯ˡ糿ûһ
ȥѾˣ̨ϵֽɢڵϣ¶
һЩɫķĩ

ǺҩģұӸŻˡбڴϣϳѪ۾
ţҰûһɫؿңƺ˵ʲô
˫ʧȥɫ۾ʲôҲˣŵһؿޡ
ҵĿ˸ڵţǱǰĳһȻһֻ
Ŀң˵ôᷢ£˵֪ϻúõģ
ȴˡ˵ǺҩġҺҵصͷ˵
׼ô졣ʲôǣһǴĻ˵ʲôصЦһ£
ȻǣŴһ֪ôġҴĻ
֮ҵҵһ飬һ仰ҡڣ˵
ϻľֻˡҲᣬҲҼ鲼ϣ
˵˵ġҲ֪˵⻰ʲô˼

ҵ죬ֻ첻·࣬Щ춼ȥ
ÿ춼ȥȥżҵĲһֱûң˵ĺ
ҰĶˡҵ᲻ҰͻȻ¸
˵ˣֻãȻ˵һ䣬Ȼ˵Щҵ˼
Щ̫ʧˣ˵ʲôҪõİʲôҲ
û˵ʵ͸֪һ㣬Լˣ
ϲǲĵģԼķʽšЩʧƺҲ
ҵİԹ˵˾Ͱ˰ɣϲûа취¡Ǻҩ
ģЩܻ˵ͻȻ˵Щһ
˼ˡһĮȻ˵ôûʲô
ǵģǶûʲôˣѵһ㶼
Ҳ˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôʲôˣ
ʲô£ңһ޹Ҿĺˣл
ҾԴ顣Ҳ֪ҵᾭ
ڴϣԵöô޴ɡҵıǰƽһ

Ҳǳڼҳ󲻿ĿǣǳڶԿܷµĿ־壬
ҶƴͻȻɥʱҲֻźͺξ壬Ѵ
ιڶ죬ͰյˣʱǺξȥġξ
ɵĺѣӻһعͷҲ֪ǽعͷá

һûгţҲΪģǾһ£Ҿ
ԼƺһӳˣȻҵֳԺʹһЩʱԵöô
ɡһҶڴǰʯϱҶЩ
ҶƬʯȥһڽֵϻ裬һ
һ˲䣬ҾЩˡЩʯ߹˶ῴ
ڴµӰһŮףһţһһ졣Ҳʼ
һЩ⣬ɵҺĹϵҲǵҵĽ
һɫǰʼһƬҰաһɾ
ҡ

һºڻСңԥȥˡ
˫ȸһ۾ҵӰˣҴ
ɵɥҸǮٶһֱġѻһӣû
ĿšСǰǰӣһ֦ʻһ˫
۾Ѵӷƽֻһʶ˵
˵Ĺʢˣ𻨵ʪĿࡣ
Կǰ汻ŵĴׯʱʱֵȺɽγȻ
˵֪ΪʲôʱĴԽԽˡ˵ʲô
ѻ˵һ顣ЩĿҡû
ͳʵ񣬸һ֢ƵģԹ˵˵ȥ˵
֢֯˲ԽԽ࣬ʫ˺ʹ˵ֵܣ
ԽԽԭһۣͻȻ˵ΪʲôҪ˵Ļ
һ£˵˵ʲô֮ûбĻ˵
̾˿˵㲻ҪʹҺܵģϲģһ
ΨһһȥŮˡô˵˰һܸ
ʲôһ㰲ȫжòһòʵҲ֪
ⲻܹ㣬ǱˣԳԼ
У淢²ܲʡҲУҵϲ˼ҪԵ̫
̫࣬ܵ࣬ûһѣǰжȥôһ㵣ӡ
ҪԵ⡣û˵˳ȥǽô
һûм֮׶ȥġ֪ϲģ
ҵ˵һعͷȻᡣĬȻת
ƺµøˡ

صȴŻϹһ˫Ьӡ֪÷Ҫˡ
ЩʯϹڴɵѴ÷зÿﶼһ
İ汾Ҫһ˵ǣҺ카ᣬΪ˴ﵽڹϵ
ĿĶı˴ɡ֪ⶼŴȥĻû뵽Ϊ˶
ֶҡʯϳһɹֵգ
ǰĽֵָָܼǣǵŵϴȴ
˵ЩʲôȻһЩС˹ӹʯӣһöһ
ҵĶͷţҹȥһЩһһ˵ˡ
·ϣ̲ס˹·ȴԸеһķ䣬ȥ
Ҷڵ䣬Ҫˡ

ɻ֡˵һգš

糿Ҵţ㿴վǰձ˿ݻƵҶ
ѾվһʱˣҲһ˵ɵ¡ȻЩΣ
һҲûк¡ҵԴТǰԹŴɵλһ£
ڴɵǰݣȻңǱҩģҵ
ͷ˭ģ˭˵ԼϵĴԿģҺ
˵ģǼٵġ˵Ȼһ󱯰
ΪʲôŪ⾿˭ĴźͶļ棬ɼȴ
ôӡҰŤ⣬ҶѾ価ˣֻʣһ
Щɫ棬һֻȸǱˣվ
棬סڿΪ˭

⾿ô£˵ֲͷҴĻ
ҲҲдһΣ顣ǣ̧ܿͷ
¶׹⣬ݺݵؿң˵﾿ʲô£һɱ˴
磬ǱΪ飬Ϊ˳氾ӣɱǲ˵ѽ˵
ִһ⡣ҵʹҲֱ졣Ҵӵվ
ǵѪգҼᶨҡҡͷΪʲôҴǱ
ΪʲôܷɥҺţʹЩŤûʲô
˵֪ҰŪˣұѴǰ˵Ļͻ
Ȼû˵ȥֻһֽпĮ˵ûɱ

ϣڴɵǰ˯ҹעͣŶ
Ϥݣ̲סǰЩӣЩĲӣҵһ
һ˶ģһҲǵģǳ෴ķߣ
£һԭҵġʱҲȻ֣һ
ġҴҵķùһӣϡҿ촽˶
ƺ˵һ仰üͷ壬Լ¸ϵ鷳ҵ
ӻҰ

ڶ죬Ҷȥˣ֪һȥѰ֤ݵġҶ
ҡ֪´һʼҸŪˣҶΪ
Ǹɵģڴ͵͵ɥξ͵ɥǣʹڲ·Խ
ԽԶ֪Ҫˣÿ¶һ֣ǵȻҲ
⡣ľɣѲΪԼ绤ĸеۡ
ҷҵͷ˺ܶ࣬ٶȥҪ˼ͻȫġ

ϣˡһȥ˿ҩ̵½СռңȻûе
ҪĶ෴ȴ½СմõһϢ½С˵Ҳ
֪⾿ôһ£Ҳ˵һǰ˪
ɲǱˣĸɣһʲôû˵ˡ
ȥ˺ξңǿɥǴߡȥżң
ӶҵĳӰҺͼӴ׵˵һ顣
Щ֤ۺȴǲ֤ݵĶѻ˵ʲôЩԹ
޵Ŀң֪Ŀĺ壬Ҹһɱҵɡ
ʹȻ뵽һǻǰӣصıǸԼ
һߺ޵ɣַһҵֹסһȣҲҾ
Ȼᣡ

ϣһΣҿһλεĵҵǰȻ
ҲżĶ壬һ˫ֵ۾ңҸ˵һͻȻ
һʲôǵһˡȻҿԶԶ
˵ǲίˣû뵽Ū
ΪʲôȥҰĶοҪΪԼ
ԽԽСҲزӰҴѱʪ͸ˡ
еǰѵֻģȴѴ˵Щˡ

Щң͸ܿżӰ
룬һǷˣһ뵽飬־òͲˡ
ҲԵݶˣһʯٷԳһ׿Ⱥź
ҾãһˣΪŮ˰ŮۣŮ
ΪˡĳȻ̬ʾԼȻ֪һΣ
ͶڽȻؿ˶һۣһ
˵վסվסˣЩãȻĿ⿴Ŷ壬˵ʲô
ѿŤšȴԶ˵忴ȥЩãǸõҦ
ȥ˵վתˡ

˺ܶƲŻҸţײײ߽
ڴɵǰޱϣһ˫Ѫ۾˵һ
˴磬һ㣬죬Ǹˣڻ㣬
˵˵ҸеһҵĶ͸ˣ
˵ĻЩ־İĿҵĿһ
Ǵ˶ģһĶƽýп˵ÿ
ĻͰɱ˰ɡԼĳҵҲƽˣ˵
˵Ӧ֪ʲôģҳԼ
һʧ˫۵Ůˣʧҵǡˣ
ˣһҵഺҵϣ
һŮˣҲҪοҲҪˣ
ЩŴ˸ңЩġҴҲ֪Ҳ֪ҵģ
˵Ļϴ˵Ļ˵ɶȴסң
ӻӵҿǰӵ̲סһʹ񱻵
һһֵĸоѵҵĲ˵Ҫ˵
ھͰͷ­Ҹоı䣬ֵ뼡ۣ
Ҹеıĺһ־˵ʵˣ
ȴҳϣһųڶǰһӢۣ˵ȴ
һųһ⣬Ѫζ
ʹ˷ܡ˵ɣʹԵøһЩ
ЩʹȭͷͶ⣬ͲԼ֣ͷؿ
ӿȥһӡ

¾ã֪ذǵһ˴ȥ˵Ļ㼯
Щ˷룬û֤֤ǾǺ֣֪ؾ
ǷˡڹٸĽ룬ǵ±㴫÷зصÿһ˼
֪ˡ

֪ЩӺܲùʯǵǱҶ
ɣȴٳٲΪֳ𣬶ԼƤ
ԲʱʹһҲԼƢԣοܴϻɡ
ʯǵв½ıѳָָȺ
һЩ񶾵Ļ˵˰ռɩɩ֪϶Ŵȥģ
ΣѵʱһҩЩ岻ٺ˵
ֻһζغȾƣ֪ѴڶԴҲò׼
᲻µĶҲдǷݸ飬ҴĳĬܸоĿ
ܸоĶҲܸоҲоĬ
һǱƽ

ɺľսλ䣬ĵʮ硣
ʷ춯صһʯϵᵽ
˵Ĺ͵߳⡣

죬ʨ¥ϺһȺѸʫʣ˽
ǰѴӵǰѵһֻۣعͷĻ⡣
ǵԱ£˵Ҫ˵ֻ˵ʣ
ȤҲ˵˵Ǿ˵ʡҴӲԵ޹
˾쵭Ȼ˵ȻԵ޹ʣ㹴Ҽɩɩֺıɱ
Ҽֳɩɱ֮˵Ե޹ˣ췭Ĵ飬
ֳ֮ûκιϵںͽ£Ҳ֮£
޹ءɾǰǸķӣӵϣ˵
ǾͶһԼͷϼȴ׮Թô˵һ
μⳡˣе顣ǡ̾˿ͬ
ǰ˲Щ˶ôˣһΪʲôҪұ
ΣѾһˣΪʲôҪˣΪʲôһҪԼ䡣
Ų֪ϻѺȻߵʨ¥ݶϡ

һĹ𻨿رŨޣʯ϶ƮŹ𻨵ζеѿ
ʼڽֵϣ˵ϣҲɺϣһƬİף
͸һѩƵġжûоôĹˣʱôʢ
лʱѸ٣̸Щȴ޷һĽ͡Ȼ
ǿһĻʨ¥վˣ˹𻨡ǻϳ˴
ɫ鲼·ӵɣİϥǰ
ȡڽǵľУƿ˴ӣأ
Ӱ֪ĵˡ

ǳǲҵģҲϢġֻһű
Ĺ𻨺ͻӰֻԭϢŵ·Щ
طˡǶⳡЩˣվڽһҲ
µĹ𻨺ܿסǵӰһֻ¶ֻ۾
ˡǵľǸģҲû뵽պһ
ˣֻŮ˶ˣֻΪŮʵ˾
һ书ⳡϴϣҲûʤ̶
ڶٶ

Ҳ֪Ǹôȹģҷȥ˯žǰ
ľҲľҲ֪Ϊ˭֪˭ⳡ
ʤߡҵںڰż尾컹ûҾʹæܵϣʱ
ô磬ʯûͱ𣬿һ
Ըվҿܼһ棬ȡⳡԼᣬ
ΪһŮĻ

ˣһվԼλϣһεʿҸ
ûк˵Ļᡣֵվ˹սȺⳡһ
صĴС䣬һѴأҹĿ
ǧһԾһЩĳϰûʼǵ⣬Ѻ
˭ӮЩŮǹӣһЩܹؤѱѹ
ϣЩԴ֮޷޲ƽо֮ˣ͹ٸʿѶ
עѹϡ˶֪һƾеľ
һʿˣɲġǲǣ
һλָˣˣΪһŮ˶ðաǻ
˼ĴѲҵӰֻðһǽĺ棬Ҿ鿴ѡ
ó

ǵľоһοʼˡƮӰѳŵĹ𻨴ݶ
סǵߡҲ֪Ĺ𻨺ôïʢһ
컹ûһֹͣļûеġ𻨣кܶ˺
л᲻ǣҵĿԾӰ
һΣһֻŲȽݶĿ϶ôҲɵĵ
һֻµڵšҽŵס죬סû
гܿѽŲ˳ӥһĽýˡ磬
ǵܹսȺҲˣеȥ˷ݡݣԼ
ӵֻǣԹִؼԼĸλ֪ǵ飬
Էͷģһһľ

ʱˣҲսʤĽǣɱЩ
Ҳȥ˿ʼСġһʱʧȥȥò
ݶס»ӣʱѻ˹һɸߵ
棬һǼ᲻ɴݵȡ̲סһΪֹԲ֪
ôġ˵ֱѲһ̵ǵĶ
ۡҲˣ߿˿Ҳڰͣ
һ֮ʣסеѰѵ˳̽ǰ
ԱҿƣһǿˣǿҾֵ
ûлһҲһ˲䣬ȴԼˡһ
μһίȥ

ҼǵҵĸǰңһŮˣȥȥһ
ˣԻȥѡһֻ꣬ʮ꣬ʲô
һǶĸ׵˵ͷĸһ˶ⶵŮˣϵ̣
Щͽһ˯ͷǰҪߴﹾһġû
ʮʧȥɷ򣬲ʮͰͷͣ˲Ȼȥˡ
һҵǶĿ־塣ĸҲһΰŮˣԤ
δҲԤ⵽ҵһҵԤĹһյ㡣

ڴһݣȻڴϣȴû˯һȾǰ
ζʼǰ˫ȻĿ⡣ʱ̶
Ŀ⣬˼룬ȴһ˲ĴۡҾã
ɱ鰮ɱ

һΣҷЩԵġҿ̾˿ڶ
ǰ̾һ뿪ʱΣ̾ˣҾһĪ
ңΪʲôҲΪʲôΪ꣬
ȸ˰ָҺ޵ʯʲôʲôأһһ
⣬ҵĻǵĿ⿴ɣҿǰѵʱִʹĸо
ˣʹȴ쳣˷ܵĸоʳʹ˲Իøеġ
ƯֲһҶԶЦЦЩɻؿңĵŤ


ǿʼĿתңǶڿһЩʲô
ʱǵԹޱƵطŴˣǵԹ϶˽ַھеԹ϶
һУƺΪǵԸʹҸеĪı
ʯϵĿԵ쳣ƣ価ˣȴѹøͣ
ѹƺ˴ҿֻıת
ǡ෴ΪԼĿ꣬ҵһ˴
⣬ЩڽСӣٺЩޤƯ
ĹٴǰѹʯЩǰݣݶήˣֻʣ¿ݸɵľ
˵ģ˵ڶĴ죬һǾͻ³ң
ֻܵȵˣĻҵķϣѳ
µģ滹űڡֽ;ᦵֽмֻѻͷʱ
ঽС̫ѾɽĺɫҸеǳ
ˣ

ʼ˴ʣЩʱ߶Իһϲ
ΪγһʵʱҲһŮԾѵʱȻ־޲
աǱϾΪԼİ鿹ΪɿҴյĴ
Щ½κġͷ硷ЩǵĹ˵ģ
ҲˣʹǵĿŨصıɫʡ

ɵԥٴʯǵĲɣָ֮䴫
ǿѴһֱӡѱƵһʮ·ڡ
ƶӣҵһ̵ֲĿ⡣ÿ죬һŵ
˴ڷ俴飬һһ߶ҵĽ̵Ŀ⿴
һһ뿴׼δ飬뿴ξ
ˣһȴƺڶ˵ʲôʱ
̣뿴ǲǻ㣬˵
һŮˣ㲻ѡȥɣΪʲôҪ֮ǰ
ʹࡣסҵָ֪Ǹ
ǶԵģһ뿴ʲôʹҲΪԼ׼һ
ǵķʽҲԼһֻһؾȥˡһŮ
ɹһһЩ

һˣҵֱҡҶžӰԼú
һһǿҲϲһ׹Ů
ġȥ걣ķɻȾҵ촽ָףѶ´ϣȥ˶
ŵТǼ˿·ϣϵĨ˵֬ʰϣ
ҶžԼһǧĵŮˣһŮˣ
µʧ˵㵭ˣⲻûҵգʹԵø
ӳġҶԼմӲɡһУҪˡһ
Ư·ٵˡҶٸеһˡ澵Ӷ˵ϣ
ҵα֧飬֪ǾҵĽ֡

ڼðһϯͷξ壬ݵţҩ
½Сգ̵ֽԼƵɣԱĺ䡣
ĿЩƣĿʹǵɳĬ
һᣬ˵˴ѣҼвңҲΪ
һ֮ɩɩ˵ŰתңһʱЩ˵ȥ
Ŀ⿴ϵ·ʱĿƺЩֱˡһͻȻ
˸սǵĿˡŤ˵Ҳɱ㣬Ըο
֮飬иλΪ֤˵ŰѵҵĲϣ
ҿԸо˿˿ҵļǣһ㶼¡
ЩȻؿҿĿʪǰѷҲϵĵҲڲ
ʱһֱڱϵĺ˵ˣ˵䶼ͷҵһ£
ǰһ죬ұһЩʱ䣬ˣһ
ȥΪã˵滹ΪɵҳһЩ֤
ӦˡһˣһССİ
ҵĻЩҲˡɴ򿪰˼мС
Ʒ⣬һֽԱĺ俴˼־Щ
ˣ˵һ飬ɱǰд顣ڳֳ֮
ɫֻ⡣

ûпǣ֪дʲô˴ǰ˵Ļ
˵ʱָı⡣һѾ˻ʲôء
һͷɣȻͻıʾˣЩҵĿ⿴
ңĿдǸ⡣ĸλȻֳǵϣ
ķչûаԤĹʹǸеЩźе׼
뿪ˣҿǣҵﱻһĿֳţһı
׳ţǰѵʺԶĵطʯϵ̸
һʱԾ£ȫ֮⿴ӥٶ򵶷ײ
ȥ쳣ģҸܵǵ뼡ıĸоܲһ
˿ʹҲҵѪȪˮһӿҵǰγһѪĻ
ǶĻϻбѪΪɵĸĻΪԼĴ
еԺȻҲվǰЩ˾ñɫݣҪ
ҿɵĻҺʹࡣͺˣƺڶ˵Ϳ
οˣͿǰˣͿжȥ
ҵİӸĸȥһŮһɵˡȥ
ʱҵᣬ֪Ҳһˡ

ˡںΪΣ˼ңһ
ߡٺҲˣûмҵһѰ
ңûҵҲ֪Ƕȥɡ죬ɡһ
һֱѰȥѰȫѰһЩʲôʷ
ҵ˵ʵڲ˵ʲôһɯʿǵͷ˵öԣ˵
Ůˣ־ͽߣ룬£۽
ʱͻ᳹һǧǸŮ˵ˣ

ҪˣҲˡ


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

 ⵯ֮ķ

                          
                         
ǽܳѧ˹̹˼ŵķ(Stanislaw Ulam,
1909-1984) һ꣬Ҳȥʮꡣǰļʮ꣬
ķλʮ֤һҪѧʷͯ
ԭļѧΪ֪ġⵯ֮˼롢
¡150ҳѧ⼯ʼղϵظһѧߡ
о붯

ķ̫ˣڲGaliciaʡ׸Lwowһʦ֮ң
ǿҵѧġʱͶԼж̺ϵĸͼԡʮһǰ
ĿӸ鷿һΰʿѧŷ (Leonhard Euler, 1707-1783)
ġʱǡصĸоȻʮϰҶƽ˹
(Waclaw Sierpinski, 1882-1969)˹̹˹ (Hugo  Steinhaus, 1887-1972)
˹ (kazimir Kuratowski, 1896-1980)ΪĲѧѧ֮
׳󣬸ѧŵԾ޴չ1927 LwowѧԺ
ѧ1936ӦѧҡӼ֮롤ŵ(John von
Neumann, 1903-1957) ֮˹ٸߵоԺӰʦ֮
һĲѧҡִѧ֧֮߰ú
(Stefan Banach, 1892-1945)Ǹѧڶġո
ȵꡱִͣۡѧ⣬ڴʯϴҴҼ¡˼
Ļ𻨡ķʦƶִѧǰʥҵú
רŷڡոȵꡱڹʹõĴʼǱ¼ͬѰͷ
ѧͼ˼άѳΪġոʼǡ̸ٽ̸
ǹ飬һᳫѧо

ɴ¹1939Բԣ̫˵ıɱҲڹķ
òһѧĵܵǵķ (Adam
Ulam1922-2000; Ϊʷѧҡڡ
оȨ)ֻʣѡпޱȵ
ڶս ʹѧʧȥһӣӵӣӴʧȥ
յĻԻ͡úڼزȥҶǿϣ֮ա
ͷѧ(Jean Leray, 1906-1998) סФ²㶨
Ф(Juliusz Schauder, 1896-1943) ɴһЩѧ
׹֣簮ײ(Samuel Eilenberg, 1913-1998)ά
(Witold Hurewicz, 1904-1956) (Mark Kac, 1914-1984)˹
(Alfred Tarski, 1901-1983)ɵ (Antoni Zygmund, 1900-1992)
Բѧҡ

ҵһķĴѡҲʿĵʦҽڿ
ߵоγ̡[0 1]ϵıۡʱʮǰѧ
֮һ֤һӳġķ롱ġ
ķʱ˳ἰķǡⵯ֮Ҹеֺ档
֪˹ٸߵоԺԺѧҰ±Ĭ(Robert
Oppenheimer, 1904-1967)Ϊԭӵ֮Ҳ˵֥
ѧʿĵʦѧ(Edward Teller, 1908-2003)
Ϊⵯ֮ãҵĲʿľȻķС
пԺѧоܰԺҹͬһάӳķ롣
Ӵˣķǵ˸

֮ν̵ĴѧͼݣҷķԴһѧҵ
(Adventures of a Mathematician)缢ƿʵضʮһ
յⵯо2001  9/11 緢ͬһµף
ڶѧٿһѧϼΪķߵѧĪ
(Dan Mauldin) ڣķǲǡⵯ֮شң
ġкܶ뷨Ǵģķ뷨ǶԵġ1991
ķԴ˹ (William G. Mathews) ͺϣ (Daniel O. Hirsch) ׫д
°ǰԣ2005 (Priscilla J. McMillan) 顶޲ء
±ĬĻִԴ(The Ruin of J. Robert Oppenheimer
and the Birth of the Modern Arms Race)ⵯչʷϵһЩ
ʵ¡

1945ձ㵺鱥ԭӵ֮Ѻ󣬾ԭӵо
ٹ̡Ŀѧң֥Ӹѧʿĵʦ׿Խ
ѧҷ (Enrico Fermi, 1901-1954) ڣڡѧҵġ
ԼƿܻĺǴӡٹ̡ʼվȫ
Ͷⵯƣʸ־壬ԭ֮һˡս˼άԲǣ
ԭʼⵯģС͡˾۱ά֡ȷԡķ
ѧҰ (Cornelius Everett) ļԼ롤 ŵļ
㣬ķͷ׵Ĵ֤ʵԭʼⵯģ
ĲԡԼһáѹӱ뷨ķ
УһؼĽԽ͡˾۱ά֡ѡ
1991ķԴУ̫̫˹ķ (Francoise Ulam)
μĵ1951123һ磺ҷڼ
ֵŴĻ԰˵ҵһ;ʲô
ʡⵯشһȫȻͬķı
ʷĽ̡(Engraved on my memory is the day when I found him at
noon staring intensely out of a window in our living room with a very
strange expression on his face. Peering unseeing into the garden, he
said: I found a way to make it work. What work? I asked. The
Super, he replied. It is a totally different scheme, and it will
change the course of history.)

Կѧ˼ޱķܿ͸һ·
ļֵΪѧҵպȻؽķԭĵ¡ѹ
ġеΪ䱬ۡɴ˲ġաķװá
ΪСˡĵһöⵯ1952111ճɹըĻպ󲢹̶Ϊ
ըı׼ķǰӲΪۣԴⵯо
еľҲ͵ⵯоɡȺĴߡ
ִʣý屨Сڲ֪Ĺⵯ֮Ĺڴ
ѧյͷϣѧķϳӢۡҲ˭ǡⵯ
֮ȡڲͬĶ壬ķʮ֮1999Ϊ91
ˣԡѧˡ־Ĳɷƣķ
ⵯй (I contributed; Ulam did not.) ƽ˵ܳ
¹ѧҡٹ̡۲Ρ1967ŵ߱
 (Hans Bethe, 1906-2005) 1968ۣⵯ󣬼߿ʼ
Ϊⵯ֮ΪʷΪ˵ȷķǸףṩ
ӣĸףʮ»̥ңҲʿ
(After the H-bomb was made, reporters started to call Teller the
father of the H-bomb. For the sake of history, I think it is more
precise to say that Ulam is the father, because he provided the seed,
and Teller is the mother, because he remained with the child. As for me,
I guess I am the midwife.)

1943ǰķǡѧҡʮ
ѧҰ˹ (Paul Erdos, 1913-1996) ƵġѿתɶĻ
ִѧҪ֧ۡۡۡѧ˿ߵ㼣
Ϊ˳ڶɴޡΪڶȰѧͷ
ѷ롤ŵһѧͷ뵽ٹ̡ڵص˹
Ī˹ (Los Alamos) ʵѧΪ顣սⵯо
ȫԶδ֪ĺģѿѧϡԿѧ̽
ļȰ֮оʵϵⵯ֮ͬʱΪӴִ
ѧ֮һҼ䲩ʿĵʦԼ (James Yorke) 1975
귢硷ǰ40ͺͷ׵˳ˡԷ
һѧѧһĿѧĿߡ1947ͺͷ  
ŵҵѳΪѧӳ֮һġ߼˹ģ͡S(x) =
4x(1-x) ĲܶȺǿѧʮõġءޡ
֮һļϡ(Sets, Numbers,
Universes) ͡ѧѡ(Science, Computers, and
People)˳ѧǻۺͳԽʱĿѧ˼롣ȥ
˿ġߡ (Sage) һ߳ƺš

ҶĿѧҴУһѧҵҵӰⱾ͹ۡ
ĬǡͿԴУķʵԼһͿѧģ
ҲѧˡŵĸԺţһġ
֮ά (Norbert Wiener, 1894-1964)мֵǣķʱ
Ŀѧѧѧ˼봩渶Уһ¸ɴ
ѧѧ롱 (Random Reflections on Mathematics and
Science)һλѧܡѧִ
ѧӦõ֪ƼԻ͹ȥĻŸԻδ룬õ
¼еҶܳѧҷѶ(Richard Feynman,
1918-1988) ӢĴǵ뱾˵ĿѧɡѶ
֪һѧҵǷİⱾǣĴ
ѧоǰƥѧᴴ조ڰݸֽϵһЩͿ
̬ĵ·֮漣ķԼҲ治ֹ (It is still an
unending source of surprise for me to see how a few scribbles on a
blackboard or on a sheet of paper could change the course of human
affairs. )

д2009 8 17գ˹

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

           ϶

                               

һſ

1970аǿʼͬѧ沿ϣܣ
ͷ̣üۣ˫Ƥӥǣ²һС졣ס
ڴ¥ϣŴˣʵ¥壬ڱ¯Բ컨
װߺܶࡣڲã70ǰ¥ǹίԱӪ
϶Ӫעƽ

ͷһעĿֿνҵԣ4һʦһθ裬
԰ʵȫͬѧ۸У϶
ƵٶþöþãֵôЦѳЦˣ
ȥʦȫ죬ͷۣʧ
ˡִûջ顶μǡͷӡ³
鼮ŷѧʷȥˣͬѧʶʣӽض
Ķͷ༸־ηδ֪ѽ

29иһϸɽס϶Ķʽ¶ϷΪɣץ
һɱίҲ˶ˣѧϰһΧưΣԳɼӰ׾
ɸŻﻥˣΧʦʦ໥⣬䶯ȫУĴ
ֱ϶ƳأȰᣬҧۣ䣬ޱ飬
Χɢƾ鲩ѧʹãһȥɽ٩
ơ̸ۣԶηӮòӵϰ
ͷѽΡսɶĿӣʱʾѺء

߷ɣȱͷԷڣף϶˳
ܹϹܲѧйţ˫ֱȭڳ̨󲻺ʱˡɣ
Բ˵ңٺΪ϶䱦֮սȫ
սв£У϶ڳƣ˵Դ
Ļѧϣʽƽβͷۣҧڽţ
Ȼֱգ嵤Ъ˹УѺϿķֹô
찡ŶԭѵںţйġҪȫ֮
ܿѵ񡱸죬ˡɤɳ졣ƿˣ
֮һɨT62̹˵Ŀ־壬ڷ˿һƬ

ɴݽҺ¥ʯ·10ҹϰǿʯ·
˶۵Ӣҥɰļҡ˿ʼԽԽ˼룬
Էϳ

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֮ΣգԷ質ˡ˼ҵ裬ôľ󡣺Ǻǣ
סɳҰ˵Ŀഺ棬ɣй
ζˣдأڸңܾٴνԷѰҸ
ʵС迴ңıǹ϶ͷǹʱ
ĺִ

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ͨ飬׷ѡһѧѣ˫ԣǣ棬
£ˮ˷ѽĽУӲˣУ԰
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һȻĮճ˲صҴͷɧԶȳ
ഺһ

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бҵ磬ͬѧۣΪСȦӣ϶
ʱֵǲơΧ塢ţдߡ
ŮʲʦѺˣ̸ңʱʶӲμ
Ʊٻƶת20ΪľУ
Ϸȫ֮ѧһЦŶ

ָ߿ڡ赱Ƴˮ¥̨нվᡣ20
󣬳ɼҷַŮƽӹҰĴӲݣѧµ
ʦ򿨣˫ˣɹͷдػΣңһˣЦ
¡ؽϵ̳Ⱥ°ˣΪλ
飬Ůй裬϶סظĸҡã
Ѫ˨̱סԺĹѣûסͷٿ92
10ԪһûܼʱջػٰŬûزֻ
λȴͻȻ˾ԷڵطϵӲûƲȫϵ㽩ˣǮû
յõȥգûйʣԷѣ϶߶ְi
i۰

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ڼҾеõԴ¾²̯С
մ˹ĵ²ڵƫ˵Ĳڻ
ϣȴʽͶ롣翼ȡ󣬳ɶѧ飬ýڽ֪ʶ
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¡϶Ͷϴ̬ƵƵ׽ƣϴ־
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ģǻۣ˸񣬿Сϴһ٣ﳤȥ
ͬܿ죬׸磬ӡ֤˸ɣ˸ԡ
˵װͰ͵ġǱ̨ΪСëˣҪˡ

Ʋ棬ʱԲ93һȦ5ŮҼ
ˣڳƸոմͶ70ļ˽ЪʺɶӣŮС
СĲС㡣

Щ죬ûɶ䣬ʶһŮӣؼң
ʷ϶ͬѧһͻȻǰң20ǰľӼҲãݴ
϶30꣬ɱ߶ȽӣЦ̤ʵıͣ϶
ֲܡ˵޹·ģ׼һ޹··һＸ
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ϰ˯䡣ǹ䣬ϰ˷յǽϣΪ۶Ҹϰ
䡣ûã϶岻ˣ·û޳ɡ

ãСһţǰ󿪷޵ꡣＷ˫
С18ǮԹ϶̯·ϣĶƤϷ
ȻԵã֪㳣֡ϰ¹40ɫ̴棬Լԣջؼ
ѣŮΪټأʷʳˣ飬ݴţײ
һƬ϶βҸˣùˣ϶ٴڲͬ
һͬѧԷۣˣ᧿ΣԼȥ
ĶԼʮ϶ͬУϴʾܾɻ
ԷǶɿƣ̫̫־塣۸ʧˣ϶û䣬
ƣ̧ʯĻ飬ùϾٲȻμҷȣ
;̨ĽɫƤգһ¡Ͽᰡ˱ĮӦˣ
ӺþСҪǨ˹ɳߣһƭɫų
ƷסȥŷǸ⵰ÿͷùһƤ
ݴţƭĪ˵·Է⡣زɢ˹϶ĺ
ԵǨ˹϶ĶӪ

97ȥСҵһֻ꣬ϡǮ

Снźӱ߲ݻеײ޿ٽļѿʼˡ
ϰݹ34ǧסԺ̱裬̲źˣ۶
У񡢶Ѳͬһ·ֹ϶
ԸʳˣһڳһڡΪǣȥͱͱˣ
пյԣ룬׼ԵͱãյϰֵģǼ
̭386ʾǺڰ׵ģ˦ֵֻ50Ͼɻϰַֹ
˵ȥˡƹ涨ˣҾίãòͽֺã
ϣ϶עҪ԰ˡ

ʣף

𣺺ӱ壬ÿӮ5飬Ӯз

ʣأ

𣺺䡣

ˣ͵ðɫԽԽˣԽԽ
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СʱӲǣһ˵ĹңһǮ
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ȥ˿ӡӣũһɣ￪ԡһܹ
ˣûʮ㣬ţЦǺǵġ
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ڴƤڽǣıòʡѶζһ߶ȥݹ
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һָּ꣬ӭ⡣



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5½ڵƪɻܽؽң911
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ң˳ϼ壬ͨСݵʣдģ
ң϶ϲˣ֪˿Ҫǩĳ治Զ

ȦתһȦΧȥ˿϶½ں
˷Ͷ壬ûѶɹڼ˵ӹʦ϶Ц
ӹɶӣαһʷͰѸ˵ʷѧңʱ飬
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ȴ֮ʱ˿ĳΪҿе̲ҩ
Իͣⲿ΢Ϥðο沿ǿ
֢򣬳Ӥڴڣѹʱ졢ʴܴԽС
øɶϾۿ՝ضǰڿڴĥοУȴⲿ
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ӳֻҪԸ⣬Ƶҫ޷ӡ֤ĻԻͣ
һŹΪʮͷ£

190ڹݳ׬300תҹܻᣬܾ
컭̳д꣺Žأ滨ѹġ̼ҺǺЦ

2֮Ͷ70˽ʧܸաͷ20ǰƾ
Ҿߣ

380ڻվӳܱȫû
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4λйһȽûڿ﷢С˵ûЭ

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10곽Զ˵Ͷǲˡ

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찲ίݶǡҵѧ˼飬үүǣ
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дȴԸػҸ

ٴἤҰģ鸡ˣ컯Ūˡ

2009.4



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